The social determinants of health (SDH) are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems. Show
The SDH have an important influence on health inequities - the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. In countries at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. The following list provides examples of the social determinants of health, which can influence health equity in positive and negative ways:
Research shows that the social determinants can be more important than health care or lifestyle choices in influencing health. For example, numerous studies suggest that SDH account for between 30-55% of health outcomes. In addition, estimates show that the contribution of sectors outside health to population health outcomes exceeds the contribution from the health sector. Addressing SDH appropriately is fundamental for improving health and reducing longstanding inequities in health, which requires action by all sectors and civil society.
In practice There are challenges to overcome in implementing action to address health inequities through the social determinants of health. The social determinants of health equity is a complex and multifaceted field. It involves a wide range of stakeholders within and beyond the health sector and all levels of government. In addition, social determinants of health data can be difficult to collect and share. While the evidence base on the social determinants of health has strengthened during the past decade, the evidence base on what works needs to be strengthened and good practices disseminated effectively. Three areas for critical action identified in the report of the Global Commission on Social Determinants of Health reflect their importance in tackling inequities in health. These include:
Health equity Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy have increased, but unequally. There remain persistent and widening gaps between those with the best and worst health and well-being. Poorer populations systematically experience worse health than richer populations. For example:
Such trends within and between countries are unfair, unjust and avoidable. Many of these health differences are caused by the decision-making processes, policies, social norms and structures which exist at all levels in society. Inequities in health are socially determined, preventing poorer populations from moving up in society and making the most of their potential. Pursuing health equity means striving for the highest possible standard of health for all people and giving special attention to the needs of those at greatest risk of poor health, based on social conditions. Action requires not only equitable access to healthcare but also means working outside the healthcare system to address broader social well-being and development. “Health equity is defined as the absence of unfair and avoidable or remediable differences in health among population groups defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically”. Which of the following most accurately describes the general view of religion in the United States today?Which of the following most accurately describes the general view of religion in the United States today? Religion is a source of individual emotional comfort.
Which of the following is true about the sociological study of religion quizlet?Which of the following is true about the sociological study of religion? Sociological analyses of religion privilege social forces as explanatory factors for its appeal, rather than spiritual or psychological forces.
Which of the following is a function of religion quizlet?Emile Durkheim identified three major functions of religion: Religion unites people, promoting social cohesion; it encourages people to obey cultural norms, promoting conformity; it gives meaning and purpose to life.
Which of the following did Karl Marx believe regarding religion quizlet?Which of the following did Karl Marx believe regarding religion? It impeded social change.
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