Is an omega shaped type of pendant or amulet that has been associated with various indigenous?

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Bearers of traditional art can be nominated as Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan equal to National Artist Traditional Arts Is a branch of arts that creates calligraphy, tattooing, folk writing, folk drawing and folk painting. Folk Graphic Arts Is a form of indigenous tattoing of the kalinga people in the Cordilleras. Batok The last mambabatok and a national icon, performing the batek tattoo art of the Butbut Kalinga Whang- Od Poetry, fiction, essay and literary art criticism. Literature Is a branch of art that creates boat houses, boat making, maritime traditions Maritime Transport Is an omega shaped type of pendant or amulet that has been associated with various indigenous cultures of the Philippines since the early metal age. Ling Ling- O Dance choreography, dance direction and dance performance Dance Filipino artists who shared in this belief. On the other hand, some have asserted that there is something about the essence of art that transcends the human occupation with usefulness. Others have held that there is the tendency to lose sight of art's beauty and wonderment if one analyzes it too closely. It provides us with the opportunity to examine what it takes and what it means to be human. Jose Garcia Villa Humanities of our time or the humanistic education of our youth must deal with the interface between social personhood and personal politics so that humanities will make art a condition of possibility, like a sword and plowshare, a spear and pruning hook. It is an a ...
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Jade lingling-o from Vietnam with the double-headed animal motif

Lingling-o or ling-ling-o, is a type of penannular or double-headed pendant or amulet that has been associated with various late Neolithic to late Iron Age Austronesian cultures. Most lingling-o were made in jade workshops in the Philippines, and to a lesser extent in the Sa Huỳnh culture of Vietnam, although the raw jade was mostly sourced from Taiwan.[1][2][3][4]

The earliest surviving examples of lingling-o, dating back to around 500 BC, were made out of nephrite jade, but many later examples were made of shell, gold, copper, and wood;[2] the kind of material suggests differences in the social standing of its wearer.[2] The term was first popularized by H. Otley Beyer, who adapted it from the Southern Ifugao name for such ornaments.[5] The term has since also come to be used as a blanket term for various metal age Austronesian ornaments found in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam.[5]

Although the earliest known lingling-o dates from 500 BC, the art of jade carving and its trade in the region is much older. In 2000 BC, the Maritime Jade Road was established by the animist indigenous peoples of Taiwan and the Philippines. This expansive trade network included other commodities as well, and later expanded to include Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, and Cambodia. The maritime jade road is one of the most extensive sea-based trade networks of a single geological material in the prehistoric world. It was in existence for at least 3,000 years, where its peak production was from 2000 BCE to 500 CE, older than the Silk Road in mainland Eurasia. It began to wane during its final centuries from 500 CE until 1000 CE. The entire period of the network was a golden age for the diverse animist societies of the region.[6][7][8][9]

Batanes workshop site[edit]

Earlier historians have posited that the earliest lingling-o artifacts found in the Philippines were created outside of the archipelago, but an expedition to the northern Philippine province of Batanes, led by archeologist Peter Bellwood in the early 2000s, led to the discovery of a lingling-o workshop, complete with construction tools and fragments. The find provides evidence of indigenous Philippine manufacture of lingling-o as early as 2,500 years ago. Lingling-o manufacturing survived until around AD 1000 in the Philippines.[1][3][10][4]

See also[edit]

• Hongshan culture
• Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere
• Hei-tiki
• Hei matau
• Manaia
• Maritime Jade Road
• Pounamu
• Magatama: similar pendants from ancient Japan
• Gogok: similar pendants from the ancient Korean Peninsula
• Pig dragon or zhūlóng: zoomorphic stone artifacts produced in neolithic China with a similar c- or comma-like shape.
• Ifugao people
• H. Otley Beyer
• Peter Bellwood

References[edit]

1. ^ a b Zafra, Jessica (2008-04-26). "Art Exhibit: Philippines' 'Gold of Ancestors'". Newsweek. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
2. ^ a b c "National Museum Collections: Ling-ling O". Official Website National Museum of the Philippines (Beta Website). Archived from the original on 2011-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
3. ^ a b Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter (2006). "Taiwan Jade in the Context of Southeast Asian Archaeology". In Bacus, Elizabeth A.; Glover, Ian C.; Pigott, Vincent C. (eds.). Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists : the British Museum, London, 14th-17th September 2004. NUS Press. pp. 203–215. ISBN 9789971693510.
4. ^ a b Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter; Nguyen, Kim Dung; Bellina, Bérénice; Silapanth, Praon; Dizo, Eusebio; Santiago, Rey; Datan, Ipoi; Manton, Jonathan H. (2007). "Ancient Jades Map 3,000 Years of Prehistoric Exchange in Southeast Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (50): 19745–19750. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707304104. JSTOR 25450787. PMC 2148369. PMID 18048347.
5. ^ a b Apostol, Virgil Mayor (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions (2010 ed.). North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1556439414.
6. ^ Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751
7. ^ Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan’s relations with the Philippines date back millenia, so it’s a mystery that it’s not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.
8. ^ Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.
9. ^ Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.
10. ^ Bellwood, Peter; Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki (2011). "Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction" (PDF). In Benitez-Johannof, Purissima (ed.). Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage. Artpostasia Pte Ltd. pp. 30–41. ISBN 9789719429203.

What is an omega shaped type of amulet that has been associated with various indigenous cultures of the Philippines since the early Metal Age?

Is a form of indigenous tattooing of the Kalinga people in the Cordilleras?

Is a composition of lime sand and water this is applied on walls and ceilings and allowed to harden and dry?

Is the applied art dedicated to clothing and lifestyle accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time?