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Contents loading... Editors loading... Categories loading... When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. Introduction[edit | edit source]The terms active and passive insufficiency are important concepts in exercise programs: understanding the implications will help you design exercises that are more efficient and less injurious. Both active and passive insufficiency are functional states that occur in multi-joint muscles only.
Image: Length Tension Curve of muscle - The key feature of the length-tension relationship is the extra force that can be exerted during muscular contractions when the passive elements are able to contribute, which occurs when the muscle is elongated to long lengths during normal strength training, and also during eccentric training.[2] Active Insufficiency[edit | edit source]The active insufficiency of a muscle that crosses two or more joints occurs when the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension[3]. When a prime mover (agonist) becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. Image 2: Biceps at active insufficiency
Passive Insufficiency[edit | edit source]When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. This limitation is a normal property of multijoint muscles and helps optimize the relation between muscle length and tension.[5] Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.[6] Image: Quadriceps passive insufficiency - Most of use would have reached our quadriceps length of passive insufficiency by now.
[7] Clinical Relevance[edit | edit source]During rehabilitation, each joint should be moved individually through its available range of motion in order to optimally improve or maintain the amount of range of motion at that joint.
References[edit | edit source]
What is the property that allows a tissue to return to normal following deformation?Elastin is a protein in connective tissue that allows tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.
What type of force is caused by twisting in opposite direction from the opposite ends of a structure?Two other important forces acting upon structures are shear and torsion: shear is a force that causes parts of a material to slide past one another in opposite directions, and torsion is a twisting force.
Which of the following injuries is a consequence of microtrauma or repetitive stress?Stress fractures are an overuse injury that occurs from repetitive microtrauma to a bone that then causes the bone to crack and break.
Which of the following injuries is characterized by an interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber?Neurapraxia is the least severe form of nerve injury, with complete recovery. In this case, the axon remains intact, but there is myelin damage causing an interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber.
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