________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.

The degree to which tasks in an organization are subdivided into separate jobs, is called ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding work specialization?

Work specialization decreases the time spent in changing tasks.

For much of the first half of the twentieth century, managers viewed work specialization as ________.

an unending source of increased productivity

The basis by which jobs are grouped is called ________.

A plant manager organizes a plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments. The plant is departmentalized on the basis of ________.

AgriProducers has customers all over the United States that need their soil and crops tested in their labs. The crops and soil are different in the various large areas of the nation, such as the West Coast and the Midwest. Which type of departmentalization would be best for AgriProducers?

Proctor & Gamble has separate departments for Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________.

Wiper Inc., a parts supplier, has separate departments for government aircraft and contracts, large commercial aircraft clients, and small personal aircraft clients. This is an example of departmentalization on the basis of ________.

The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________.

Chain of command is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element?

To whom do individuals and groups report?

Span of control is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element?

How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?

Which of the following terms refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed?

The principle of ________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority.

According to the principle of unity of command, ________.

an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor

The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs.

A ________ is consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees.

A narrow span of control ________.

is expensive because it adds levels of management   

Anna's company needs to dramatically cut costs, speed decision making, and increase flexibility. Which of the following structural decisions will help her achieve the desired objectives?

increasing the span of control

Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control?

The question of span of control determines ________.

the number of levels and managers in an organization

In an organization, top managers make all the decisions, and lower-level managers merely carry out their directives. This organization is most likely to be characterized by ________.

a high degree of centralization

________ refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.

The more the lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the ________ within that organization.

higher is the degree of decentralization

________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.

Publishing representatives who call on college professors to inform them of their company's new publications have a great deal of freedom in their jobs. They have only a general sales pitch, which they tailor as needed. Based on this information, we can say that the job of these publishing representatives ________.

scores low on the degree of formalization

The clerical and editorial employees in a publishing house need to be at their desks by 8:00 AM and follow a set of precise procedures dictated by management. The jobs of these clerical and editorial employees ________.

score high on the degree of formalization

A ________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.

The simple structure is most widely practiced in small businesses in which ________.

the manager and owner are one and the same

Mark is the owner of a local shoe business. He has fifteen employees who report directly to him and he makes all the decisions regarding the type and quality of shoes and looks after the shop's finances. Which type of organizational structure does Mark have?

Which of the following statements is true about the simple structure?

It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure?

The key concept that underlies all bureaucracies is ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a bureaucracy?

Bureaucracies can get by with less talented middle- and lower-level managers.

Which of the following types of organizational designs combines two forms of departmentalization, functional and product?

The strength of product departmentalization in the matrix structure is that it facilitates ________.

coordination among specialties

You extol the virtues and benefits of standardization. You are most likely to be promoting the ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a matrix structure?

It breaks the unity-of-command concept.

Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matrix structure?

employees receiving conflicting directives

A ________ organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions.

A virtual organization is also known as a(n) ________ organization.

The major advantage of a virtual organization is its ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a virtual organization?

A virtual organization tends to have unclear roles, goals, and responsibilities.

Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of a virtual organization?

constant flux and reorganization

Who coined the term "boundaryless organization?"   

A boundaryless organization strives to ________.

break down barriers between the company, its customers, and suppliers

A boundaryless organization is most likely to ________.

use 360-degree performance appraisals

You have recently started your business with a small capital investment. Your business needs a very high degree of flexibility so that you can quickly respond to environmental changes and you are also interested in minimizing costs. Which of the following types of organizations is best suitable for your business?

You decide to eliminate horizontal, vertical, and external barriers within your organization. You want to operate as a ________ organization.

Which of the following is a method that companies can use to break down cultural barriers in the global market?

________ is a systematic effort to make an organization leaner by selling off business units, closing locations, or reducing staff.

A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy.

A(n) ________ model is a structure that is flat, uses cross-hierarchical and cross-functional teams, has low formalization, possesses a comprehensive information network, and relies on participative decision making.

Which of the following is typically a characteristic of an organic model of organization?

Which of the following is typically a characteristic of the mechanistic model of organization?

rigid departmentalization

A(n) ________ strategy emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services.

Organizations following a(n) ________ strategy try to both minimize risk and maximize opportunity for profit, moving into new products or new markets only after innovators have proven their viability.

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing an innovation strategy?

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing a cost-minimization strategy?

Which of the following terms refers to the way an organization transfers inputs into outputs?

What are the key dimensions to any organization's environment?

complexity, volatility, and capacity

Which of the following dimensions of an environment describes the degree to which the environment can support growth?

Volatility refers to the degree of ________ within an environment.

The ________ of an environment refers to the degree of heterogeneity and concentration among environmental elements.

Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity — but at the price of ________.

Some individuals want work that makes minimal intellectual demands and provides the security of routine; for them, ________ is a source of job satisfaction.

Harald is opening a manufacturing plant with a mechanistic and centralized structure. Employees from which of the following countries will be least comfortable with this type of a structure?

Is the degree of which jobs within the Organisation are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by procedures rules and policies?

What determines the degree of specialization within an organization?

What component of organizational structure describes the standardization of jobs?

What is specialization in organizational structure?