Which of the following is/are functions of the enteric nervous system? Check all that apply. Show
It regulates the movement of contents through the esophagus. It regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes. It innervates smooth muscles of the intestines. It innervates the sweat glands of the abdominal wall. It decreases urine production. It regulates the movement of contents through the esophagus. It regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes. It innervates smooth muscles of the intestines. The digestive tract has a nervous system of its own called the _________ nervous system. enteric parasympathetic sympathetic peripheral central enteric Which of the following levels of the central nervous system plays a role in influencing the autonomic nervous system? Check all that apply. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Spinal cord Brainstem Basal nuclei Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Spinal cord Brainstem Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding the adrenal glands' relationship with the autonomic nervous system? Check all that apply. The adrenal cortex is an extension of the parasympathetic nervous system. The adrenal medulla secretes norepinephrine when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal glands are strictly nerve tissue. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids. The adrenal medulla is penetrated by the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal medulla secretes norepinephrine when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal medulla is penetrated by the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following structure(s) is/are associated with the sympathetic nervous system? Check all that apply. The adrenal cortex The adrenal medulla The thoracolumbar spinal cord The pineal gland The vagus nerve The adrenal medulla The thoracolumbar spinal cord Which of the following is a component of the visceral reflex? Check all that apply. Receptor Afferent neurons Enzymes Integrating center Efferent neurons Receptor Afferent neurons Integrating center Efferent neurons When body temperature increases, thermoreceptors are stimulated and send nerve signals to the CNS. The CNS sends motor signals to sweat glands, which attempt to reduce body temperature. This is an example of a __________ reflex. withdrawal stretch tendon organ visceral somatic visceral A malfunctioning visceral reflex can be the cause of a(n) __________, which can result in disorder and/or disease. negative feedback system positive feedback system bacterial infection homeostatic imbalance homeostatic imbalance Which of the following is/are true statements regarding the neurotransmitters of the ANS? Check all that apply. All preganglionic neurons of the ANS are cholinergic. All postganglionic neurons of the ANS are adrenergic. All postganglionic neurons of the ANS have cholinergic receptors in their dendrites. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons release norepinephrine to the heart muscle cells. Some parasympathetic neurons use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. All preganglionic neurons of the ANS are cholinergic. All postganglionic neurons of the ANS have cholinergic receptors in their dendrites. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons release norepinephrine to the heart muscle cells. Which of the following is not an example of an autonomic receptor? Muscarinic Nicotinic Cholinergic Adrenergic Ganglionic Ganglionic The _________ division of the ANS increases alertness. The __________ division has a calming effect on the body. sympathetic; somatic sympathetic; parasympathetic parasympathetic; sympathetic somatic; sympathetic somatic; parasympathetic sympathetic; parasympathetic The __________ is an especially important center of autonomic control. pons medulla oblongata hypothalamus midbrain pituitary gland hypothalamus Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex? Sensory receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → gland Sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → gland Sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland Sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → gland Sensory receptor → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → gland Sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________. changing the diameter of the pupil adjusting heart rate and force altering salivary mucus secretion regulating gastrointestinal motility maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck Sympathetic fibers do not release __________. acetylcholine nitric oxide (NO) substance P neuropeptide Y norepinephrine nitric oxide (NO) Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in the __________. vagus trigeminal splanchnic facial sciatic vagus Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are _________ and secrete __________. myelinated; norepinephrine (NE) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) unmyelinated; norepinephrine(NE) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) The parasympathetic division arises from the __________ regions of the spinal cord. brain, thoracic, and lumbar brain, sacral, and coccygeal brain, lumbar, sacral, and sacral and lumbar brain and sacral brain and sacral Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs. True Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar thoracic and lumbar thoracic cervical lumbar thoracic and lumbar The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves __________ neurons. no one two three four two Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. True True Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________. blood clotting blood flow to the skeletal muscles sweating hair erection gastrointestinal motility gastrointestinal motility Which of the following statements is true regarding parasympathetic tone? It holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate. It accelerates the resting heart rate above its intrinsic rate. It might increase or decrease heart rate depending on the situation. It affects heart rate only after myocardial infarction. It does not affect heart rate. It holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate. Drugs that are monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors would most likely __________. activate the parasympathetic division and allow for normal digestive system activities block ACh receptors on skeletal muscle and cause flaccid paralysis stimulate β-2 receptors and cause an increase in heart rate and dilation of bronchioles decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant inhibit uptake of dopamine and cause depression decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant Which of the following is more effective in producing bronchodilation? Acetylcholine Nicotine Muscarine Norepinephrine Thyroxine Norepinephrine The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery. True False The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion. True True Damage to the __________ may affect near vision accommodation. celiac ganglion oculomotor nerve (CN III) facial nerve (CN VII) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) cardiac plexus oculomotor nerve (CN III) The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching that target cell. True False A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ___________ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter ___________. preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) postganglionic; norepinephrine (NE) preganglionic; norepinephrine (NE) postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) somatic; norepinephrine (NE) preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) Which of the following structures is not associated with the autonomic nervous system? Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron Splanchnic nerve Oculomotor nerve Facial nerve Oculomotor nerve Which one of the following is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers? Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division Postganglionic neurons of the All motor fibers of the somatic motor system Preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the __________ levels of the spinal cord. cervical and thoracic thoracic and lumbar thoracic, lumbar and sacral sacral, lumbar and coccygeal cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal All autonomic output originates in the
central nervous system. True Which of the following is not a characteristic of the enteric nervous system? Its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord. It does not arise from the spinal cord. It innervates smooth muscle. It innervates glands. It does not arise from the brainstem. Its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord. All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline. True True Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? Its effects are local. The terminal ganglia are very close to or within their target organs. It originates in the craniosacral regions of the CNS. It has short preganglionic fibers. It has short postganglionic fibers. It has short preganglionic fibers. The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the __________. adrenal gland smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta cardiac muscle in the right atrium skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis parotid salivary gland skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are) __________. norepinephrine (NE) acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) acetylcholine (ACh) dopamine dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) acetylcholine (ACh) Which of the following is associated with the "flight-or-fight" reaction? Pupillary constriction Glycogen synthesis Increased gastric motility Reduced urinary output Reduced heart rate Reduced urinary output Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory. True True Acetylcholine
(ACh) always has an excitatory effect. False The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ___________. norepinephrine (noradrenaline) dopamine endorphins acetylcholine (ACh) epinephrine (adrenaline) epinephrine (adrenaline) Which of the following structures releases neurotransmitter in a paravertebral ganglion? Preganglionic sympathetic fiber Postganglionic sympathetic fiber Somatic motor fiber Preganglionic parasympathetic fiber Postganglionic parasympathetic fiber Preganglionic sympathetic fiber The binding of __________ to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will __________ it. acetylcholine; excite norepinephrine; excite monoamine oxidase; inhibit acetylcholine; inhibit acetylcholinesterase; excite acetylcholine; excite Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously. True True Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that __________. shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO) longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called __________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to __________ its beats per minute. baroreceptors; decrease proprioceptors; decrease baroreceptors; increase proprioceptors; increase chemoreceptors; increase baroreceptors; decrease Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron. False Autonomic function receives input from all these except __________. spinal cord cerebral cortex hypothalamus medulla oblongata somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system spinal cord White rami carry _________ neurons, while gray rami carry _________ neurons. myelinated postganglionic; unmyelinated preganglionic unmyelinated postganglionic; myelinated preganglionic myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic unmyelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic myelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic The background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is called ___________. "fight-or-flight" activity visceral motor activity autonomic reflex arc activity visceral tone autonomic tone autonomic tone If a cell has α1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to __________. acetylcholine (ACh) norepinephrine (NE) adrenaline alpha adrenaline nicotine adrenaline Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia. False Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with __________. no neurons somatic neurons parasympathetic neurons 10-20 postganglionic neurons effectors directly 10-20 postganglionic neurons Muscarinic receptors bind __________. epinephrine norepinephrine monoamine oxidase (MAO) acetylcholinesterase acetylcholine acetylcholine The enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine (NE) is called __________. noradrenalinase adenosine monoamine oxidase (MAO) norepinephrinase norepinephrine hydroxylase monoamine oxidase (MAO) Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS? It originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. It has long postganglionic fibers. It has long preganglionic fibers. Its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column. It has an extensive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect. It has long preganglionic fibers. Which of the following is true regarding the autonomic nervous system? It controls skeletal muscle contraction. It has no ganglia along its nerves. It uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine exclusively. Its denervation would cause hypersensitivity. It usually controls conscious actions. Its denervation would cause hypersensitivity. __________ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing. Facial Trigeminal Vagus Celiac Splanchnic Splanchnic __________ is an example of the cooperative effect between the two autonomic nervous system divisions. Orgasm Bronchodilation Gastrointestinal secretion Heart rate Vasomotor tone Orgasm Preganglionic fibers run from the _________ to the __________. posterior root ganglia; gray matter posterior root ganglia; autonomic ganglia gray matter; posterior root ganglia gray matter; autonomic ganglia autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors gray matter; autonomic ganglia A possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a neuromodulator in the brain called __________, which inhibits ACh release by cholinergic neurons. glycine dopamine serotonin melatonin adenosine adenosine Which of the following is not under dual control of the ANS? Pupil diameter Heart rate Salivary gland activity Adrenal medulla activity Gastrointestinal motility Adrenal medulla activity Atropine is sometimes used to dilate the pupil for an eye examination. Which receptor would atropine block? Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor Nicotinic receptor Muscarinic receptor Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor Beta receptor Muscarinic receptor All preganglionic fibers of the ANS pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia, synapsing at least once there. True False Which of the following is not a reason that somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes? The effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated. The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons. The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses. Some of the neurons in the effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc are unmyelinated. The effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord. The effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is typically used to __________. increase heart rate decrease heart rate produce vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries produce vasodilation of blood vessels of skeletal muscle produce bronchodilation decrease heart rate The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion. True The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis. True False The solar plexus is used as a name for the __________. spinal nerve route carotid plexus the celiac and mesenteric ganglia splanchic nerves sympathetic nerve route the celiac and mesenteric ganglia The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is _________. The effect of somatic fibers on target cells is __________. always excitatory; always excitatory excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory excitatory or inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory always inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory always inhibitory; always excitatory excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory Which of the following is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?Its effects include increasing your heart rate and breathing ability, improving your eyesight and slowing down processes like digestion.
Which of the following features is not associated with the sympathetic nervous system quizlet?Which of the following features is not associated with the sympathetic nervous system? short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons.
Which of the following is not a sympathetic nervous system affect?The secretory elements of the major salivary glands are supplied with parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerve fibres. Sympathetic stimulation reduces the flow of saliva. So, the correct answer is option D.
Which of the following does not occur with stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system quizlet?Terms in this set (63) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in all of the following EXCEPT: Decreased rate of cellular metabolism.
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Which of the following is not associated with the sympathetic nervous system quizlet?
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