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The Declaration of IndependenceWhen in the course of human events . . . 1756-1763(The Seven Years War)The final Colonial War (1689-1763) was the French and Indian War, which is the name given to the American theater of a massive conflict involving Austria, England, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Sweden called the Seven Years War. The conflict was played out in Europe, India, and North America. In Europe, Sweden , Austria, and France were allied to crush the rising power of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia. The English and the French battled for colonial domination in North America, the Caribbean, and in India. The English did ultimately come to dominate the colonial outposts, but at a cost so staggering that the resulting debt nearly destroyed the English government. It was that debt that caused the escalation of tensions leading to the Revolutionary War. Parliament was desperate to obtain two objectives; first, to tax the colonies to recover monies expended on the battle over North America, and second to restore the profitability of the East India Company in an effort to recover monies spent on the battle over India. The French and Indian War, as it was referred to in the colonies, was the beginning of open hostilities between the colonies and Gr. Britain. England and France had been building toward a conflict in America since 1689. These efforts resulted in the remarkable growth of the colonies from a population of 250,000 in 1700, to 1.25 million in 1750. Britain required raw materials including copper, hemp, tar, and turpentine. They also required a great deal of money, and so they provided that all of these American products be shipped exclusively to England (the Navigation Acts). In an effort to raise revenue and simultaneously interfere with the French in the Caribbean, a 6 pence tax on each gallon of molasses was imposed in 1733 (the Molasses Act, see note: The Sugar Act). Enforcement of these regulations became difficult, so the English government established extensive customs services, and vice-admiralty courts empowered to identify, try, and convict suspected smugglers. These devices were exclusive of, and superior to, the colonial mechanisms of justice. The colonies were wholly interested in overcoming the French in North America and appealed to the King for permission to raise armies and monies to defend themselves.* Despite sincere petitions from the royal governors, George II was suspicious of the intentions of the colonial governments and declined their offer. English officers in America were also widely contemptuous of colonials who volunteered for service. A few of the men who signed the Declaration had been members of volunteer militia who, as young men, had been dressed down and sent home when they applied for duty. Such an experience was not uncommon. It led communities throughout the colonies to question British authorities who would demand horses, feed, wagons, and quarters — but deny colonials the right to fight in defense of the Empire, a right which they considered central to their self-image as Englishmen.  Grade Level: Upper Elementary: Third Grade through Fifth GradeEssential QuestionGuiding Questions: What were they fighting for? Why did the American Indians fight? Why did the British and French want access to the land? ObjectiveStudent Objectives: Students Will… BackgroundThis is Unit 2 from the teacher’s guide “The French and Indian War 1754-1763.” It includes one lesson plan:
Critical Content: The American Indians living in the Upper Ohio River Valley used the land, forests and waterways to maintain a traditional lifestyle. They liked trading with the Europeans, but did not want them to settle their lands. The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land and their cultural future. The French claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. They wanted to trade with the American Indians and control the area. The British also claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. The British settlers wanted to farm the land, the British traders wanted to trade with the American Indians, and the British land speculators wanted to buy the land so they could make a profit selling it. It was clear there was going to be conflict. See the “Related Lessons and Educational Materials” section for links to the other units in the teacher’s guide. PreparationThe teacher should make copies of the student reading "What Were They Fighting For?" MaterialsThe downloaded lesson plan includes an introduction (p 43), teacher instructions (p 44), and three student readings (p 45-47). Download Lesson Plan - What Were They Fighting For? The teacher background covers from the beginning of the war to the beginning of the American Revolution. For this unit read page 17, What Were They fighting For? Download Teacher Background: The French and Indian War 1754-1763 This color map is optional. It shows the French and British colonies and the disputed area. It also shows where the American Indian Nations lived and where French and British forts were located. Download Map: Indian Nations and French and Indian War Forts 1754-1760 Lesson Hook/PreviewEveryone wants and needs things to survive and be happy. However, sometimes one person’s wants and needs differ from another person’s wants and needs, leading to conflict. Write about one time you wanted something different than another person and what happened. Procedure1. Download the pdf of the lesson plan which includes the teacher instructions and the student readings. 2. Download the teacher background from the Materials section and read page 17. 3. Divide the class into three teams. Assign to each team one of the three groups – French, British or American Indian. Give each student a copy of the student reading. 4. Have the students read the student reading and identify the reasons their group (French, British or American Indian) wanted to control the Ohio River Valley and what they needed to accomplish this. 5. Have the team make an oral presentation about what they learned about their group's wants and needs. 6. Have each student complete a graphic organizer listing the three groups, each of the groups’ wants, and each of the groups’ needs. 7. As a math extension, graph the population of each of the groups at the start of the French and Indian War using this information: British: 1.5 million people, French: 70,000 people, American Indians in northeastern North America: 175,000 VocabularyUpper Ohio River Valley - the area drained by the rivers that flow into the Ohio River in what is now western Pennsylvania. Neutral - When a nation or person does not support either side of a conflict. Allies - People or groups that join together for a common cause. Assessment MaterialsAssessment Unit 2: What Were They Fighting For? The assessment includes a competed graphic organizer, a graph, an oral presentation rubric, a graphic organizer rubric and a bar graph rubric. Download the assessment document for information and three rubrics. Assessment The French and Indian War 1754-1763 Unit 2: What Were They Fighting For? Download Assessment Supports for Struggling LearnersThe teacher can help struggling readers by reading the student readings aloud. Enrichment ActivitiesComplete the Math Extension activity found in the lesson plan. Additional ResourcesFort Necessity National Battlefield web site A Charming Field for an Encounter the park's handbook Becoming George Washington a curriculum about George Washington in the French and Indian War Related Lessons or Education Materials“The French and Indian War 1754-1763” Teacher’s Education Kit is broken into eight units and a Teacher Background section. Units 1 - 6 chronologically follow the war from start to finish, including how the war set the stage for the American Revolution. Links to the other units: Unit 1: Who Were the People Involved? Unit 2: What Were They Fighting For? Unit 3: How Did the Conflict Begin? (This includes two lessons on George Washington) Unit 4: How Did the War Progress? Unit 5: How Did the Conflict End? What Were the Consequences? Unit 6: How Did the French and Indian War Set the Stage for the American Revolution? Unit 7: Biography Cards (there are nine American Indian, nine French, nine British biographies) Unit 8: Primary Documents and Artifacts Introduction French and Indian War Historic Sites in Western Pennsylvania Contact InformationEmail us about this lesson plan What was the French and Indian war called by the British?The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War.
What was the French and Indian war called when spreading to Europe?The French and Indian War was the North American conflict that was part of a larger imperial conflict between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Why is the French and Indian war called that?Since there had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, the British colonists named the war after their opponents, the French and the Indians.
Why is the French and Indian war called the Seven Years War?The Seven Years War was a conflict between France and Great Britain that lasted from 1754 to 1763. It's known as the Seven Years War because most of the fighting took place in the seven-year period between 1756 and 1765. In America, the war is known as the French and Indian War.
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What was the war between the French native Americans and the British during the 1700s called?
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