Speaking on the importance of Indian Constitution, Chief Justice of India, P Sathasivam said that, “The people are the ultimate source of authority in our country”. He also opined that, “The constitutional law could not be learnt but only ‘understood’ as it was diverse in nature. In Europe, much of homogeneous people could not have a single constitution. However, In India we managed... Show Speaking on the importance of Indian Constitution, Chief Justice of India, P Sathasivam said that, “The people are the ultimate source of authority in our country”. He also opined that, “The constitutional law could not be learnt but only ‘understood’ as it was diverse in nature. In Europe, much of homogeneous people could not have a single constitution. However, In India we managed to have a constitution despite the diversity”. Justice Sathasivam was releasing a book, 'Reclaiming the Vision: Challenges of Indian Constitutional Law and Governance', authored by Senior Advocate P P Rao and published by LexisNexis. Eminent jurists including Fali S Nariman, Soli J Sorabjee, Senior Advocate Krishnan Venugopal and Professor (Dr.) M P Singh, Chairperson, Delhi Judicial Academy were present at the event. According to TOI, Fali S Nariman, spoke on the constitutional rights of the people and lauded the recent Supreme Court judgement, which directed the Election Commission to introduce a button providing for the None of the Above (NOTA) option in electronic voting machines and also on ballot papers in order to enable the voters to exercise their right to reject undeserving candidates in the election. Nariman also added, “The sitting judges do not write books, but they make a difference through their judgements, the most recent change being the inclusion of NOTA. This will now be tested in November when the assembly elections take place”. Speaking at the event, Soli J Sorabjee cautioned that law is a service-oriented profession and not a commercial undertaking. He said, “There must be a realization for every lawyer that in essence we all are rendering a service to society". The newly launched book is a unique collection of articles and speeches by Rao. According to a press release, “In the book, Rao shares his thoughts, deeply cherished beliefs, and concerns about critical facets of law, governance, and constitutional leadership in India. He reminds us that those who framed the Constitution had a vision of inclusive justice and progress for all. He suggests that the Constitution has been inadequately administered in India and throws light on a wide range of issues. Rao forcefully argues for radical and comprehensive reforms in governmental functioning.” LexisNexis has launched a new series titled ‘Cross Currents – Law & More’ and Rao’s book is the first publication under this series. Speaking on the release of this new series, Mohan Ramaswamy, Managing Director, LexisNexis said, “With this new series we expect to reach segments beyond law thereby spreading awareness, generating discussions, debates and enabling actions that further our objective of Advancing the Rule of Law”. "Sovereign people" redirects here. For the Curaçaoan political party, see Sovereign People. Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power. Popular sovereignty, being a principle, does not imply any particular political implementation.[a] Benjamin Franklin expressed the concept when he wrote that "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns".[1] Origins[edit]Popular sovereignty in its modern sense is an idea that dates to the social contract school represented by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), John Locke (1632–1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Rousseau authored a book titled The Social Contract, a prominent political work that highlighted the idea of the "general will". The central tenet of popular sovereignty is that the legitimacy of a government's authority and of its laws is based on the consent of the governed. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau all held that individuals enter into a social contract, voluntarily giving up some of their natural freedom, so as to secure protection from the dangers inherent in the freedom of others. Whether men are seen as naturally more prone to violence and rapine (Hobbes) or to cooperation and kindness (Rousseau), the idea that a legitimate social order emerges only when liberties and duties are equal among citizens binds the social contract thinkers to the concept of popular sovereignty. An earlier development of the theory of popular sovereignty is found among the School of Salamanca (see e.g. Francisco de Vitoria (1483–1546) or Francisco Suarez (1548–1617)). Like the theorists of the divine right of kings and Locke, the Salamancans saw sovereignty as emanating originally from God. However, unlike the divine right theorists and in agreement with Locke, they saw it as passing from God to all people equally, not only to monarchs. Republics and popular monarchies are theoretically based on popular sovereignty. However, a legalistic notion of popular sovereignty does not necessarily imply an effective, functioning democracy. A party or even an individual dictator may claim to represent the will of the people and rule in its name, which would be congruent with Hobbes's view on the subject. Most modern definitions present democracy as a necessary condition of popular sovereignty. United States[edit]The application of the doctrine of popular sovereignty receives particular emphasis in American history, notes historian Christian G. Fritz's American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War, a study of the early history of American constitutionalism.[2] In describing how Americans attempted to apply this doctrine prior to the territorial struggle over slavery that led to the Civil War, political scientist Donald S. Lutz noted the variety of American applications:
The American Revolution marked a departure in the concept of popular sovereignty as it had been discussed and employed in the European historical context. American revolutionaries aimed to substitute the sovereignty in the person of King George III, with a collective sovereign—composed of the people. Thenceforth, American revolutionaries generally agreed with and were committed to the principle that governments were legitimate only if they rested on popular sovereignty – that is, the sovereignty of the people.[c] This was often linked with the notion of the consent of the governed—the idea of the people as a sovereign—and had clear 17th- and 18th-century intellectual roots in English history.[4] 1850s[edit]In the 1850s, in the run-up to the Civil War, Northern Democrats led by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois promoted popular sovereignty as a middle position on the slavery issue. It said that actual residents of territories should be able to decide by voting whether or not slavery would be allowed in the territory. The federal government did not have to make the decision, and by appealing to democracy, Cass and Douglas hoped they could finesse the question of support for or opposition to slavery. Douglas applied popular sovereignty to Kansas in the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which passed Congress in 1854. The Act had two unexpected results. By dropping the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (which said slavery would never be allowed in Kansas), it was a major boost for the expansion of slavery. Overnight, outrage united anti-slavery forces across the North into an "anti-Nebraska" movement that soon was institutionalized as the Republican Party, with its firm commitment to stop the expansion of slavery. Secondly, pro- and anti-slavery elements moved into Kansas with the intention of voting slavery up or down, leading to a raging state-level civil war, known as "Bleeding Kansas". Abraham Lincoln targeted popular sovereignty in the Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858, leaving Douglas in a position that alienated Southern pro-slavery Democrats who thought he was too weak in his support of slavery. The Southern Democrats broke off and ran their own candidate against Lincoln and Douglas in 1860.[5] See also[edit]
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Who is the ultimate source of government authority?The people are the ultimate source of authority; they have parceled out the authority that originally resided entirely with them by adopting the original Constitution and by later amending it. ).
What is the idea that all members of society including rulers and government officials must obey the law?Rule of law is a principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are: Publicly promulgated. Equally enforced.
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