Systems Analysis and Design A step by step process for developing high quality information systems Combination of information technology, people and data to support business requirements Combination of hardware, software and services that people use to manage, communicate and share information Information systems developed by the company that uses them Information systems purchased from outside vendors A company must determine ____ the IS does before the decide ___ the IS will be constructed a set of related components that produce specific results A system that is vital to a company's operations basic facts that are the system's raw material Data that has been transformed into valuable output Everything in the physical layer of an information system The number of transistors on an integrated circuit will double every 24 months programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results Software that manages the hardware components Programs that support day to day business functions and provides users with the information they require. Includes horizontal and vertical systems. Systems that can be adapted for use in many different kinds of companies Systems designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry. Older systems that are in place at a company The tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results. People who have an interest in an information system. Include users who will interact with the system and IT staff members who develop and support the system. Business Process Modeling modeling company operations and information needs. Requires a business profile and series of models that document business processes. An overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction. Starting point for modeling process. Specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented Business process model (BPM) Model that graphically displays one or more business processes. Business Process Modeling Notation Notation that includes various shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, and workflows. Product-Oriented IT companies IT companies that manufacture computers, routers, or microchips Service-Oriented IT companies Vendors, software developers, and service providors Today, the distinction between product- and service-oriented IT companies is _______ Gone, most offer a mix a products, services, and support. Company whose primary business depends on the internet rather than traditional business channels. Brick-and-mortar companies Companies who conduct business primarily from physical locations 2 Main Sectors of E-Commerce Electronic Data Interchange, enabled computer to domputer data transfer via private telecommunications lines. Extensible markup language, enabled company to company traffic to migrate to the internet, offering standard protocols, universal availability, and low communications costs. Information systems that support company wide operations and data management requirments. Main objective of enterprise computing Integration of a company's primary functions to improve efficiency, reduce costs and help managers make key decisions Enterprise Computing improves ___ and ___ by imposing company-wide framework for data access and storage Data security and reliability Transaction Processing Systems, process data generated by day-to-day operations systems that provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company Knowledge Management/Expert Systems Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how knowledge is applied large database that allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal phrases. Uses inference rules. Logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships. A technice that allows inferences to be drawn from imprecise relationships User productivity systems technology that improves productivity for end users. Ex email, web conferencing, groupware, etc. programs that run on a company intranet that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects and work in teams. A graphical representation of a concept or process that sytems developers can analyze, test and modify Business Model/Requirements Model Describes information that a system must provide Describes data structures and design Describes objects, which combine data and processes describes the design and protocols of telecommunications links Describes the logic that programmers use to write code modules early working version of an information system Computer-Aided Systems Engineering/ Computer-aided software engineering technique that uses powerful software, called CASE tools, to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems. provide an overall framework for systems development and support a wide variety of design methodologies. 3 Systems Development Methods
The process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, controlling, and reporting upon the development of an information system Represents the system in terms of data and the processes that act upon that data. Structured Analysis is organized into _____, with _______ ___ ________ __ ______ _______ phases, deliverables and milestones to measure progress Systems Development Life Cycle, the series of phases used by Structured Analysis Structured analysis is based on an overall plan, so it is called a ________ approach
Structured Analysis is ______ ______ because it focuses on processes that transform data into useful information Inside each process, input data is transformed by ______ ____ that generate the output. diagram that uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storage. In the _____ _____, the result of each phase is called a deliverable, or end product, which flows into the next phase waterfall model does not emphasize interactivity among the phases.
SDLC Step 2: Systems Analysis - purpose Build a logical model for new system SDLC Step 2: Systems Analysis - steps
SDLC Step 3: Systems Design - purpose Create a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system. SDLC Step 3: Systems Design - Steps
SDLC Step 3: Systems Design - deliverable Systems Design Specification - what the new system will do, how it will do it, and what it will cost. SDLC Step 4: Systems Implementation Deliver a completely functioning and documented IS. SDLC Step 4: Systems Evaluation Assessment that determines whether the new system operates properly and if costs and benefits are within expectations. SDLC Step 5: Systems Support and Security
A well designed system must be: (4 things)
Combines data and processes that act on the data into things called "objects", rather than treating them as 2 separate things. O-O Analysis - An object is a member of a _____ which is a collection of similar objects O-O Analysis - Objects process characteristics called _________ which the object inherits from its class or processes of its own O-O Analysis - built in processes that can change an object's properties are O-O Analysis - One object can send information to another object using a _______, which _____________________________ message, requests specific behavior or information from another object O-O Analysis - Steps are similar to SDLC, but more _______ Development of a system incrementally, by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to meet requirements Agile methods typically use a ___ ______, which represents a series of iterations, or revisions, based upon user feedback Other Development Methods
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The key graphical model of the systems requirements used with structured analysis is the ____.
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