Is defined as the influences that account for the initiation direction intensity and persistence of behavior?

Presentation on theme: "Motivating Yourself and Others. The Complex Nature of Motivation It is the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence."— Presentation transcript:

1 Motivating Yourself and Others

2 The Complex Nature of Motivation It is the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior

3 Motivation Is Two-Dimensional Internal motivation comes when work is meaningful or gives sense of purpose External motivation is an action taken by another person

4 Motivation to Satisfy Basic Desires Everything we experience as meaningful can be traced to one of sixteen basic desires or combinations of desires The challenge is to determine which five or six (core values) are most important to you

5 Figure 7.1 Sixteen Basic Desires in the Reiss Profile

6 Characteristics of Motives The “why” of human behavior Five characteristics of motives: individualistic changing may be unconscious are often inferred are hierarchical

7 Influential Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Herzberg’s Motivation-Maintenance Theory The Expectancy Theory McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y The Goal-Setting Theory

8 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs People tend to satisfy their needs in a particular order, “The Hierarchy of Needs” Theory has three main assumptions People have a number of needs that require some measure of satisfaction Only unsatisfied needs motivate behavior Needs are ordered according to prepotency

9 Figure 7.2 - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

10 Physiological Needs

11 Safety and Security Needs

12 Social or Belongingness Needs

13 Esteem Needs

14 Self-Actualization Needs

15 Maslow’s Theory Reconsidered

16 Table 7.1

17 Herzberg’s Motivation-Maintenance Theory Maintenance factors include things people consider essential to any job Motivational factors are benefits above and beyond the basic elements of a job

18 Table 7.2

19 The Expectancy Theory Based on assumption that motivation is tied to whether one believes success is possible

20 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Managers who are in charge of motivating their employees are divided into two groups, Theory X and Theory Y

21 The Goal-Setting Theory Goals tend to motivate in four ways provide purpose by directing attention to a specific target encourage to make the effort to achieve something specific requires sustained effort and therefore encourages persistence connects the dream and reality

22 Figure 7.3 - A Model of How Goals Can Improve Performance

23 Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies Motivation strategies: Through job design Through incentives Through learning Through empowerment Through others’ expectations

24 Motivation Through Job Design

25 Motivation Through Incentives

26 Motivation Through Learning Opportunities

27 Motivation Through Empowerment

28 Motivation Through Others’ Expectations

29 Motivating the Generations Future majority of workforce will be Generation X and Y

30 Figure 7.4 - Motivational factors for generations

31 Self-Motivation Strategies Nurture a gritty nature Go outside your comfort zone Strive for balance Take action

Motivation is described as “the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behaviour” (Psychology, Beinstein et al). Various factors motivate us to perform in certain ways, usually in order to achieve a goal. The different forces of motivation causes an array of behaviours and generally, the exercised actions correlates to what will help the individual achieve their desired goal. There are many theories of motivation which explain the reasoning behind our decisions and what drives us to do certain things. In the case of Lance Armstrong, there are numerous different internal and external forces, such as incentives and personal motives, which may have motivated him to use enhancement drugs. Throughout…show more content…
‘The Incentive Theory’ is a very plausible theory which suggests reasoning behind Armstrong’s decision to cheat, in order to win the Tour de France. The theory differs from many motivation theories, as it depicts the stimulus as something which the individual wants and is drawn to, rather than something that should be prevented or extinguished, which is the case in Drive Reduction Theories. The Incentive Theory is based on external motivational factors and the idea that we are motivated to achieve pleasant, beneficial inducements and experiences, and avoid undesirable stimuli. This theory is relevant to the case of Lance Armstrong, as his incentives to win the Tour de France competition would be c very desirable stimuli, as with winning the competition, he would achieve the title of ‘victor’, fame, wealth, prestige and would be idolised in the world of cycling, he would also avoid the humiliation and drop in self-esteem that may occur if he lost the competition. These very attractive outcomes coupled with the negative prospects associated with losing can be seen as extremely powerful incentives, which would motivate Armstrong to go extreme lengths, such as taking performance enhancing drugs, in order to…show more content…
Based on this research, it could be suggested that Lance Armstrong placed emphasis on the needs for Achievement, Recognition and Exhibition. In 1996, Lance Armstrong developed testicular cancer, which he overcame. After recovering, Armstrong stated he adapted a “win-at-all-costs mentality.” The wish to fulfil these needs, coupled with his mentality of winning at any cost, could also be considered reason as to why Armstrong chose to cheat. As well as this, after surviving testicular cancer, Armstrong could have also developed a strong sense of self-determination to overcome any obstacle he is faced with, and not only overcome, but defeat it. Consequently, with Armstrong’s requirement to fulfil his needs of achievement, recognition and exhibition, his self-determination and his win-at-all-costs mindframe, cheating may have seemed like a desirable

Are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior?

What are the two types of categories that scientists use to categorize motivation theories?