Identify whether or not the following are examples of gendered microaggressions.

What are Gender Related Microaggressions?
What is Sexism?
- Different types of sexism:
  - Hostile
  - Benevolent
  - Ambivalent
  - Institutional
  - Interpersonal
  - Internalised
What do Gender Related Microaggressions look like?
How to recognise Gender Related Microaggressions
Gender related Micro Affirmative Behaviours
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Gender related microaggressions are a form of discrimination and sexism.

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

1. Gender related Microaggressions
1. What are Gender Related Microaggressions?
2. What is Sexism?
Different types of sexism
WHO identified two complementary social gender roles in the family?
What are the major agents of socialization that enforce gender roles quizlet?
What is the name of the sociological view that seeks to explain social phenomena in terms of natural phenomena?
Which statement best describes the functionalist perspective on gender quizlet?

Seemingly innocent transgressions are known as microaggressions and can be intentional or unintentional comments or actions directed against a person who is usually part of a marginalised group, that signal disrespect and inequality.

Gender related microaggressions may contribute to imposter syndrome. This is the feeling that you’re not qualified for your job and feel a constant pressure to validate your experiences and knowledge. This will be despite being in your role purely on merit.

Some microaggressions will result in silencing women, making women question their abilities and themselves, and reducing a women’s own self-worth. All of which can add up to impact negatively on a woman’s mental health

To get a better understanding of gender related microaggressions, it is important to understand what sexism is.

2. What is Sexism?

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.

Sexism can affect anyone. Whilst it primarily affects women and girls, men and boys can also be subjected to it. It has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another, and it is considered to be the cause of gender inequity.

Sexism also impacts people of other marginalised genders.

Sexist acts include any that frame one sex or gender as inferior.

Sexism can be conveyed in:

Behaviour
Speech
Writing
Images
Gestures
Laws and policies
Practices and traditions.

Different types of sexism

Sexism can be categorised in a number of ways: 1

Hostile

This refers to beliefs and behaviours that are openly hostile toward a group of people based on their sex or gender. Misogyny, or the hatred of women, is an example of hostile sexism.

Examples of hostile sexism include:

Using sexist language or insults
Making threatening or aggressive comments based on a person’s gender or sex
Harassing or threatening someone for defying gender norms
Treating people as subordinates based on their sex or gender and punishing them when they “step out of line”
Believing that some victims of sexual assault “ask for it” due to their behaviour or appearance
Engaging in physical or sexual assault.

Benevolent

This applies some positive traits to women and femininity; it still frames one sex or gender as weaker than another. These ideas can lead to policies and behaviours that limit a person’s agency, or the ability of someone to make their own choices.

Benevolent sexism includes views and behaviours that frame women as:

Innocent
Pure
Caring and nurturing
Fragile and in need of protection
Beautiful.

Ambivalent

This is a combination of benevolent and hostile sexism. People who engage in ambivalent sexism may vary between seeing women as good and innocent and seeing them as manipulative or deceitful, depending on the situation.

Examples of ambivalent sexism include:

Glorifying traditionally feminine behaviour and demonizing “unladylike” behaviour
Hiring someone because they are attractive, then firing them if they do not respond to sexual advances
Differentiating between “good” women and “bad” women based on how they dress.

Sexism can operate on different levels in society. It can be:

Institutional

Refers to sexism that is entrenched in organisations and institutions, such as:

Legal systems
Education systems
Healthcare systems
Financial institutions
The media.

When policies, procedures, attitudes, or laws create or reinforce sexism, this is institutional sexism.

Institutional sexism is widespread, it can be hostile, benevolent, or ambivalent. One of the clearest indicators is the lack of gender diversity among senior leadership positions.

Another indicator is a gender pay gap. This refers to a difference in the average pay that women and men receive for their work.

Interpersonal

Manifests during interactions with others. It can occur in the workplace, within relationships, among friends and family members, and in interactions with strangers.

Some examples of interpersonal sexism include:

Telling someone to be more ladylike
Judging someone for not fitting into stereotypes of femininity, such as by being caring or submissive
Making inappropriate comments about someone’s appearance
Talking down to someone based on assumptions about their gender.

Internalised sexism

Refers to sexist beliefs that a person has about themselves. Usually, a person adopts these beliefs involuntarily as a result of exposure to sexist behaviour or the opinions of others.

May cause feelings of:

Incompetence
Self-doubt
Powerlessness
Shame.

It also causes people to unintentionally join in and collude with sexism.

Research suggests that the lower numbers of women working in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics may be due to internalised sexism.

Some other examples of internalised sexism include:

Making self-deprecating jokes about one’s gender, such as “blonde jokes”
Someone basing their self-worth on how desirable they are in the eyes of men
Feeling ashamed of aspects of being female, such as having periods
Feeling that it is essential to conform to gender ideals, even if this means harming oneself.

Sociologist Talcott Parsons identified two complementary social gender roles in the family. The instrumental role is the position of the family member who provides material support and is often an authority figure. The expressive role is the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing.

What are the major agents of socialization that enforce gender roles quizlet?

Gender socialization occurs through four major agents of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and mass media. Each agent reinforces gender roles by creating and maintaining normative expectations for gender-specific behavior.

What is the name of the sociological view that seeks to explain social phenomena in terms of natural phenomena? essentialism.

Which statement best describes the functionalist perspective on gender quizlet?

Which of the following best describes the functionalists view of gender? The traditional division of responsibilities between men and women exists because it has benefited society.