Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking conversation social games and routines and physical play?

Types of Child MaltreatmentThe four main types of child maltreatment are physical abuse, child neglect,sexual abuse, and emotional abuse (Jackson, Kissoon, & Greene, 2015;National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect, 2013):Physical abuseis characterized by the infliction of physical injury as a result ofpunching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking, or otherwise harming a child. Theparent or other person may not intend to hurt the child; the injury may result from excessivephysical punishment (Cicchetti & Toth, 2016; Villodas & others, 2016).Child neglectis characterized by failure to provide for the child’s basic needs.Neglectcan be physical (abandonment, for example), educational (allowing chronic truancy, forexample), or emotional (marked inattention to the child’s needs, for example). Child neglectis by far the most common form of child maltreatment. In every country where relevant datahave been collected, neglect occurs up to three times as often as abuse (O’Hara & others,2016).Sexual abuseincludes fondling of genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy,exhibitionism, and commercial exploitation through prostitution or production ofpornographic materials(Collin-Vezina & others, 2015; Mathews, Lee, & Norman, 2016).Emotional abuse (psychological/verbal abuse/mental injury)includes actsor omissions by parents or other caregivers that have caused, or could cause, seriousbehavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems (Shin & others, 2015).Sibling RelationshipsWhat do parents do when they encounter siblings having a verbal or physicalconfrontation? One study revealed that they do one of three things: (1) interveneand try to help them resolve the conflict, (2) admonish or threaten them, or (3) donothing at all(Kramer & Perozynski, 1999). Of interest is the fact that in familieswith two siblings ages 2 to 5 the most frequent parental reaction to sibling conflictis to do nothing at all.

Play is all about having fun! Any activity, organized or unstructured, your child finds fun and enjoyable is considered play. But play is much more than just a fun activity for your child! As a child grows they go through different stages of play development.

While playing, children learn and develop important skills they will continue to use throughout their lifetime.

Problem solving, creativity, and willingness to take risks are just a few of the skills developed through play.

Is your child under 2 years old? Enter your baby’s birthday to get weekly activities to help meet developmental milestones. 

Children who use their imagination and ‘play pretend’ in safe environments are able to learn about their emotions, what interests them, and how to adapt to situations. When children play with each other, they are given the opportunity to learn how to interact with others and behave in various social situations. Learn more about your child’s social-emotional development.

Be sure to give your child plenty of time and space to play. There are 6 stages of play during early childhood, all of which are important for your child’s development. All of the stages of play involve exploring, being creative, and having fun. This list explains how children’s play changes by age as they grow and develop social skills.

Unoccupied Play (Birth-3 Months)

At this stage baby is just making a lot of movements with their arms, legs, hands, feet, etc. They are learning about and discovering how their body moves.

Solitary Play (Birth-2 Years)

This is the stage when a child plays alone. They are not interested in playing with others quite yet.

Spectator/Onlooker Behavior (2 Years)

During this stage a child begins to watch other children playing but does not play with them.

Parallel Play (2+ Years)

Associate Play (3-4 Years)

When a child starts to interact with others during play, but there is not a large amount of interaction at this stage. A child might be doing an activity related to the kids around him, but might not actually be interacting with another child. For example, kids might all be playing on the same piece of playground equipment but all doing different things like climbing, swinging, etc.

Cooperative Play (4+ Years)

When a child plays together with others and has interest in both the activity and other children involved in playing they are participating in cooperative play.

Watch to see what the six stages of play can look like:

As your child starts playing with family members and friends, make sure to teach them about sharing and winning and losing.

Play starts when we are babies, but it does not stop there! Including play in your child’s daily routine and giving them time to play is important for their development at every age. These stages are general guidelines for what to expect of your child’s play skills, but remember every child is different and if you have concerns bring them up with your healthcare provider.

Your child makes a lot of changes as they grow. Learn more about how play can change as your little one does.

• How to Play with Blocks at Every Age
• Stages of Peek-a-boo

Sources

• Parten MB Social Participation among Preschool Children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1932; 27 (3): 243–269.

Which type of play increases dramatically during the preschool years?

What type of play are children engaging in if they pick up a building block and pretend to be talking on the phone?

Which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively disliked by peers?

In which social context does reciprocal socialization take place?