Which of the following was the most important change that Buddhism underwent from 600 1450 CE as it continued to spread throughout Asia?

AP World History Exam: Period 3 Notes (600 to 1450 C.E.)

Remember that the AP World History exam tests you on the depth of your knowledge, not just your ability to recall facts. While we have provided brief definitions here, you will need to know these terms in even more depth for the AP World History exam, including how terms connect to broader historical themes and understandings.

“New” Empires

• Byzantine empire: Formerly the eastern half of the Roman Empire, this Christian (Eastern Orthodox) empire controlled the Eastern Mediterranean Basin from the Fall of Rome to the Ottoman takeover nearly 1,000 years later (474–1453 C.E.).
• Islamic Caliphates: In the Islamic world, the states controlled by caliphs, or successors of Muhammad.

Chinese Empire

• Grand Canal: Begun in the fourth century B.C.E., construction resumed in 605 C.E. in China. This canal, the world’s longest, connected the fertile Huang He River to the highly-populated cities in the north, allowing grain to be shipped easily.
• Neo-Confucianism: As trade expanded into China, Buddhism was introduced. Neo-Confucianism, popular during the Tang Dynasty, fused elements of Buddhism and Confucianism.
• Fast-ripening rice: Introduced to China from Vietnam during the Tang Dynasty, this crop allowed the Chinese to have two harvests per year, dramatically improving output; combined with an improved infrastructure, this crop led to a significant growth of the Chinese population.

Korea

• Mongols: Group of Central Asian nomads from Mongolia who, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, conquered large portions of the Asian continent. Their four empires, centered on Russia, China, Persia, and the Central Asian steppes, were led by Khan’s successors, ensuring a century of peace from approximately 1250–1350 C.E.

• Introduction

• • The term Hinduism
  • General nature of Hinduism
  • The five tensile strands
    • Doctrine
    • Practice
    • Society
    • Story
    • Devotion
  • Central conceptions
    • Veda, Brahmans, and issues of religious authority
    • Doctrine of atman-brahman
    • Karma, samsara, and moksha
    • Dharma and the three paths
    • Ashramas: the four stages of life

• • Sources of Hinduism
    • Indo-European sources
    • Other sources: the process of “Sanskritization”
  • The prehistoric period (3rd and 2nd millennia bce)
    • Indigenous prehistoric religion
    • Religion in the Indus valley civilization
    • Survival of archaic religious practices
  • The Vedic period (2nd millennium–7th century bce)
  • Challenges to Brahmanism (6th–2nd century bce)
  • Early Hinduism (2nd century bce–4th century ce)
    • The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism
    • The development of temples
    • The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
    • Questions of influence on the Mediterranean world
  • The rise of devotional Hinduism (4th–11th century)
  • Hinduism under Islam (11th–19th century)
    • The challenge of Islam and popular religion
    • Temple complexes
    • Sectarian movements
    • Bhakti movements
  • The modern period (from the 19th century)
    • Hindu reform movements
      • Brahmo Samaj
      • Arya Samaj
    • New religious movements
      • Ramakrishna Mission
      • Theosophical Society
      • Aurobindo Ashram
      • Other reform movements
    • The struggle for independence
      • Mahatma Gandhi
      • The religious situation after independence
    • Hinduism outside India

• • Vedas
    • Importance of the Vedas
    • The components of the Vedas
    • The Rigveda
    • Elaborations of text and ritual: the later Vedas
      • The Yajurveda and Samaveda
      • The Atharvaveda
    • The Brahmanas and Aranyakas
    • Vedic religion
      • Cosmogony and cosmology
      • Theology
      • Ethical and social doctrines
      • The sacred: nature, humanity, and God
      • Vedic and Brahmanic rites
    • The Upanishads
  • Sutras, shastras, and smritis
    • The Vedangas
    • Dharma-sutras and Dharma-shastras
    • Smriti texts
  • Epics and Puranas
    • The Ramayana
    • The Mahabharata
    • The Bhagavadgita
    • The Puranas
      • Cosmogony
      • Cosmology
    • Myths of time and eternity
    • Stories of the gods
  • Vaishnavism and Shaivism
    • Vaishnavism
    • Shaivism
    • Narratives of culture heroes
    • Myths of holy rivers and holy places
  • Philosophical texts
    • Mysticism
    • Philosophical sutras and the rise of the Six Schools of philosophy
  • Tantrism
    • Tantric traditions and Shaktism
      • Shaiva Agamas
      • Vaishnava Samhitas
      • Shakta Tantras
    • Nature of Tantric tradition
    • Tantric and Shakta views of nature, humanity, and the sacred
    • Tantric ritual and magical practices
    • Tantric and Shakta ethical and social doctrines
  • Vernacular literatures

• • Devotion
  • Deities
  • Worship
  • Divination, spirit possession, and healing
  • Women’s religious practices
  • Pilgrimage

• • Sacrifice and worship
    • Domestic rites
      • Samskaras: rites of passage
      • Daily offerings
      • Other private rites
    • Temple worship
    • Shaiva rites
    • Vaishnava rites
  • Sacred times and festivals
  • Ritual and social status
    • Social structure
    • Castes
    • Social protest
    • Renunciants and the rejection of social order
  • Religious orders and holy men
    • Initiation
    • Yoga
    • Sectarian symbols
  • Cultural expressions: visual arts, theatre, and dance
    • Types of symbols
      • Yantra and mandala
      • Lingam and yoni
      • Visual theology in icons
    • The arts
      • Religious principles in sculpture and painting
      • Religious organization of sacred architecture
      • Theatre and dance

• • Hinduism and religions of Indian origin
  • Hinduism and Islam
  • Hinduism and Christianity
  • Diasporic Hinduism

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