Which of the following terms refers to the way a society is organized into predictable relationships?

Who believed "distinctive char. of social interaction is that human beings interpret or 'define' each other's actions instead of reacting to them"

a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

status assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics

status that comes to us through our own efforts

status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society

occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person

The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations

The ways in which people respond to one another

____ refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.

The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity

Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

A series of social relationships that links individuals directly to others and through them indirectly to still more people 

organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs, such as replacing personnel (the family) and preserving order (the government).

Perspective -- society or relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive

To survive, any society or group must accomplish 5 functional prerequisites

Replacing personnel - providing new people for something

teaching new recruits - teaching people

producing and distributing goods

preserving order - learn norms of society within family. learning norms

providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

what is the conflict perspective on social institutions?

some receive more resources than others

Interactionist view on social institutions

• institutions affect our everyday behavior
• our social behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses that we accept, groups we belong to, and institutions which we function in

Important realm in which social interaction takes place and social networks form

Durkheim's term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks

two forms of community: Gemeinschaft (people are closely tied by kinship and tradition) and Geselleschaft (people come together only on the basis of self interest)

believes that we are transitioning from gemein to gesell

focused on technology in their theory of sociocultural evolution and how the changes in technology over time affect people, culture and society as a whole; the faster technology changes, the faster society changes

the process of change and development in human societies that results from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection

First type of pre-industrial society to emerge in human history

hunting and gathering society-people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available

People plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsists on available foods, emerged about 12,000 years ago

The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. • engaged primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yields through technological innovations (plow) • continue to rely on physical power of humans and animals

A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

technologically advanced • economic system is engaged primarily in processing and control of information • focus on service rather than manufacturing of goods. (jobs in advertising, public relations, human resources)

Define a Post-Modern Society.

a technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images

A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal.

Generally small, relatively long period of interaction, intimate, face-to-face association, some emotional depth to relationships, cooperative, friendly

Usually large, relatively short duration, often temporary, little social intimacy or mutual understanding, relationships generally superficial, more formal and impersonal

any group or category to which people feel they belong

group or category to which people feel they do not belong

Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior?

Two basic purposes of a reference group

1) Serve a normative function by setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief
2) Perform a comparison function as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others.

a component of formal organization in which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency

A group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency (125)
US Postal Service, McDonald's, Boston Pops orchestra
we create organizations to supervise other organizations..SEC to regulate brokerage companies.
Ascribed statuses such as gender ,race, ethnicity shapes how we see formal organizations

Saw bureaucracy as a form of organization quite different for the family-run business

Framework to which concepts can be compared

• Fictional
• Subjective
• Not a generalization

Weber's Theory of bureaucracy (Five basic characteristics)

1. division of labor
2. hierarchy of authority
3. written rules and regulations
4. impersonality
5. employment based on technical qualifications

when a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic it is known as

A principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few individuals.

According to the classical theory of formal organizations, or scientific management approach, workers are motivated almost entirely by ________ ________

an approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation within a bureaucracy and tends to focus on informal groups

What term describes the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationship?

Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized?

Which term is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behaviors centered on basic social needs?

Which term is used to refer to organized patterns?