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Terms in this set (165)The mental potential to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Intelligence A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. Savant syndrome The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. Emotional intelligence A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. Intelligence test A test designed to predict a person's future performance, aptitude is the capacity to learn. Aptitude test A test designed to assess what a person has learned. Achievement test A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. Mental age The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. Stanford-Binet Defined originally as the ration of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. Intelligence quotient The WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Definining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. Standardization The bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. Normal curve The extent to which a test yields consistent results. as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting. Reliability The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. Validity The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. Content validity The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. Predictive validity Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. Crystallized knowledge Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease with age , especially during late adulthood. Fluid intelligence Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period. Longitudinal study A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. Cross-sectional study A condition of limited mental disability. indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life (formerly known as mental retardation.) Intellectual disability A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. Heritability The scientific study of how we think about. influence, and relate to one another. Social psychology The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. Attribution theory The tendency for observers, when analyzing other's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Fundamental attribution error Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events. Attitude Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. Peripheral route persuasion Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. Central route persuasion The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. Foot-in-the-door phenomenon A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. Role The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash. we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. Cognitive dissonance theory The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values. and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. Culture An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. __________ describe "proper" behavior. Norms Although Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her anger and responds to her sister's frustration with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates: emotional intelligence. Dr. Ghauderta has designed a new intelligence test for adolescents. He evaluated the test among various groups including white, black, Asian, and Hispanic populations in order to appropriately norm his scale. When the test is released and administered to other adolescents in the general population we will have _________________ scores to compare our test subjects to. standardized Which of the following is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test? factor analysis Dr. James has decided that his 50th birthday would be the perfect time to begin writing an Introductory Psychology textbook. This would be a good time for Dr. James to do this, as he has accumulated years of knowledge about psychology. It would be a demonstration of his: crystallized intelligence. On the original Stanford-Binet, an 8-year-old who responded with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of: 125 Richard learned at an early age how to sell numerous items ranging from chocolate to small electronics. Many say his best education came from the streets he grew up on. This best illustrates: practical intelligence. refers to our ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use our emotions. Emotional intelligence Alessa achieved an intelligence test score of 100 on a current version of the Stanford-Binet test. This indicates that relative to other adults her age: her intellectual abilities are average Aidan is a bright young man, who scored very high on both the Critical Reading and Mathematics Sections of the SAT. He is an excellent map-reader and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. According to Spearman, what is likely underlying these abilities? general intelligence "g" factor Sternberg suggests that there are ______ intelligences and his theory is known as the _______________. 3; triarchic theory ___________ is the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity ________________ represents a person's accumulated knowledge (as reflected in vocabulary and analogies tests) and increases up to old age. Crystallized intelligence Intelligence can be defined as a mental quality that consists of: the ability to learn from experience. the ability to solve problems. the ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations. The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by: Lewis Terman. The SAT and the GRE are examples of: aptitude tests. refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below _____, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living. Intellectual disability; 70 is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Analytical intelligence Identical twins Skyler and Sloane live with their biological parents. Sklyer took an intelligence test when he was 9 years old and got a score of 100. Sloane took the same test. What would you predict Sloane's score to be? very close to 100 Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ____________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ____________ test. math problem solving; verbal fluency As adopted children get older, their intelligence scores: become MORE like their biological parents. Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in modifying work environments to improve employee engagement. Alex is a company manager who dictates workplace rules and task assignments without giving employees much opportunity to voice their task preferences or workplace concerns. Alex best illustrates a directive leadership style. As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of operant conditioning. A group-oriented manager who mediates conflicts and builds effective teamwork demonstrates social leadership. Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a ________ awareness of the passing of time. diminished; diminished Mr. Walters has many years of experience as a personnel officer for a large corporation. He does not review most job applicants' reference files because he is confident of his ability to predict their future work performance based on his direct face-to-face conversations with them. Mr. Walters' confidence best illustrates the interviewer illusion. After studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyi formulated the concept of flow. Managers who excel at task leadership typically use a directive style. If given a chance to express their own opinions during a decision-making process, people will respond more positively to the decision. This illustrates a voice effect. Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of computer keyboards. In the original Milgram obedience experiment, men aged 20 to 50 had complied fully ________ percent of the time. 63 In the Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was __________ the experimenter and __________ the "learner." close to; far from As you are driving to campus one day another car cuts you off and speeds ahead. Immediately you yell out "Crazy driver!" not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Your judgment best illustrates: the fundamental attribution error. In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: normative social influence. While you disagree with your boss, you laugh at the joke anyway to gain her approval. Your behavior illustrates:
normative social influence. _____________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Informational social influence Your friend yells at you for being 5 minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe your friend is a rude jerk, you decide that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Thus, her behavior is the result of: a situational attribution. In Asch conformity experiments, researchers find that conformity to the group increases when: one is made to feel insecure. one admires the group's status. the group is unanimous. Dr. Cheng studies social influence. He is concerned because he is finding that the rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference? Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that honors group standards, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism. His experiments on obedience at Yale University are some of the most famous and involved deception. Milgram In Rain Man, Dustin Hoffman's character performs mind-boggling feats of mathematical calculations, yet cannot perform the simplest of tasks such as determining how much change he would receive when buying a candy bar. This illustrates: savant syndrome. The original intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon set out to measure performance in _____________, which refers to the chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance. mental age As adults age, they show the greatest declines in: fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information. The first modern test of intelligence was developed in: France. Which procedure is used to identify the different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores? factor analysis In his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that: the children were healthy, well-adjusted, and did well academically. An _____________ measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas an _____________ measures what a person has already learned. aptitude test; achievement test 7-year-old Jarrod is in the second grade. He is quite bright and can do the work of a 9-year-old child in the fourth grade. If Jarrod were to take Binet's original intelligence test, he would likely have: the mental age of 9. Your professor hands out the examination for which the syllabus had said the exam would be on chapters 11 and 12. You are shocked to see that the exam is covering chapters 13 and 14 instead. Your examination clearly lacks: validity. The American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was called: the Stanford-Binet. ____________ is to a multiple-choice test in a U.S. history class as ____________ is to the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT). Achievement; aptitude According to Spearman, ______________ underlies specific mental abilities, such that it is measured by every task on an intelligence test. general intelligence Alessa achieved an intelligence test score of 100 on a current version of the Stanford-Binet test. This indicates that relative to other adults her age: her intellectual abilities are average. Aidan is a bright young man, who scored very high on both the Critical Reading and Mathematics Sections of the SAT. He is an excellent map-reader and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. According to Spearman, what is likely underlying these abilities? general intelligence "g" factor Dr. Ghauderta has designed a new intelligence test for adolescents. He evaluated the test among various groups including white, black, Asian, and Hispanic populations in order to appropriately norm his scale. When the test is released and administered to other adolescents in the general population we will have _________________ scores to compare our test subjects to. standardized ___________ is the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity Although Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her anger and responds to her sister's frustration with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates: emotional intelligence. Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores well above average. When Zelda is 30, what can we predict about her performance on an intelligence test? It will be more similar to her biological parent's test scores. Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of: stereotype threat. Identical twins reared together have intelligence test scores that are: virtually as similar as those of a single person taking the same test twice. Unstructured interviews provide a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than aptitude tests and a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than job knowledge tests. worse; worse Those who view their work as a necessary but personally unfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as a job. Personnel selection research indicates that for all but less-skilled jobs, the quality of a job applicant's on-the-job performance is best predicted by the applicant's general mental ability. Effectively designing physical environments—such as the layout of a kitchen in a way that maximizes safe and efficient meal preparation—is of special interest to human factors psychologists. A business setting in which workers have regular opportunities to do what they do best and perceive that they are part of something significant is one that promotes employee engagement. When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to the interviewer illusion. After discovering that their company's best software developers are highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused their employment ads for additional software developers less on applicants' experience and more on their ability to engage in logical problem solving. This best illustrates their commitment to a strengths-based selection system. Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualities associated with transformational leadership. Dr. Thompson is involved in scripting interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific work positions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist. personnel If interviewers instantly like a job applicant because of his or her good looks, they may judge the person's complimentary remarks as indicating "polite manners" rather than "manipulative flattery." This best illustrates the impact of ________ on the interpretation of interviewees' responses. interviewers' preconceptions You stop for a cup of coffee and the waitress yells at you when you sit at a table that has not been cleared. You are convinced that she should find another line of work—one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. However, you disregard the possibility that the restaurant is short of help that day. You have just fallen prey to: the fundamental attribution error. This afternoon, your boss wants to meet with you. You are sure it is about the customers who complained about you yesterday. The best-case scenario would be for your boss to decide that your behavior was the result of: a situational attribution _____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Normative social influence The fundamental attribution error involves: underestimating situational influences on another's behavior. When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting: conformity. _________________ psychologists explore how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Social Marilyn thinks strict class attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). Her judgment best illustrates: the fundamental attribution error. Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory, and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. Researchers find that conformity to the group increases when all of the following occur EXCEPT: one is made to feel secure. In a follow-up obedience experiment, Milgram used 40 new teachers to determine whether participants obeyed because the learners' protests were not convincing. Once again, the new teachers complied fully ________ percent of the time. 65 Your professor hands out the examination for which the syllabus had said the exam would be on chapters 11 and 12. You are shocked to see that the exam is covering chapters 13 and 14 instead. Your examination clearly lacks: validity. An _____________ measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas an _____________ measures what a person has already learned. aptitude test; achievement test 7-year-old Jarrod is in the second grade. He is quite bright and can do the work of a 9-year-old child in the fourth grade. If Jarrod were to take Binet's original intelligence test, he would likely have: the mental age of 9. Richard learned at an early age how to sell numerous items ranging from chocolate to small electronics. Many say his best education came from the streets he grew up on. This best illustrates: practical intelligence. Sternberg suggests that there are ______ intelligences and his theory is known as the _______________. 3; triarchic theory According to Spearman, ______________ underlies specific mental abilities, such that it is measured by every task on an intelligence test. general intelligence ____________ is to a multiple-choice test in a U.S. history class as ____________ is to the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT). Achievement; aptitude In his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that: the children were healthy, well-adjusted, and did well academically. Dr. James has decided that his 50th birthday would be the perfect time to begin writing an Introductory Psychology textbook. This would be a good time for Dr. James to do this, as he has accumulated years of knowledge about psychology. It would be a demonstration of his: crystallized intelligence. _______________ is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Analytical intelligence ________________ represents a person's accumulated knowledge (as reflected in vocabulary and analogies tests) and increases up to old age. Crystallized intelligence The SAT and the GRE are examples of: aptitude tests. Which of the following is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test? factor analysis _____________ refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below _____, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living. Intellectual disability; 70 In Rain Man, Dustin Hoffman's character performs mind-boggling feats of mathematical calculations, yet cannot perform the simplest of tasks such as determining how much change he would receive when buying a candy bar. This illustrates: savant syndrome. As adults age, they show the greatest declines in: fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information. Your brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would you give your brother? Provided with responsive caregiving, the chances are good that the boy will learn to talk. Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores well above average. When Zelda is 30, what can we predict about her performance on an intelligence test? It will be more similar to her biological parent's test scores. By praising their employees' positive behaviors, managers often encourage their workers to continue laboring productively. This best illustrates the value of reinforcement. Full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectiveness as a customer service manager is enhanced by the performance appraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers, subordinates, customers, and her supervisor. This best illustrates the value of 360-degree feedback. Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace? industrial-organizational psychology
Engaged employees are likely to know what is expected of them at their workplace. Managers with a task-leadership style would be most likely to remind employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects. Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to a group mission best illustrates transformational leadership. Those who view their work as a career are especially likely to be concerned about opportunities for increasingly better employment positions. Leaders with a vision for goals that they clearly communicate in a way that inspires their group to follow them are said to demonstrate charisma Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist. She often becomes so focused and energized by her challenging practice sessions that they last hours longer than she had planned. Her experience best illustrates the concept of flow. Work activities that are specifically suited to your strengths are most likely to be those associated with the experience of flow. According to the ______________, people explain behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. attribution theory People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain: the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation. Juan's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them, even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might be strengthening Juan's conformity to the group? His friends make him feel incompetent sometimes. He admires the group's status. His culture strongly encourages respect for social standards. The fundamental attribution error is more common in ___________ than it is in ___________. individualistic Western countries; East Asian cultures The tendency for the observer, when analyzing others, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, is known as: the fundamental attribution error. _____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality. Normative social influence; informational social influence Marilyn thinks strict class attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). Her judgment best illustrates: the fundamental attribution error. In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: normative social influence. His experiments on obedience at Yale University are some of the most famous and involved deception. Milgram In a follow-up obedience experiment, Milgram used 40 new teachers to determine whether participants obeyed because the learners' protests were not convincing. Once again, the new teachers complied fully ________ percent of the time. 65 Which procedure is used to identify the different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores? factor analysis The original intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon set out to measure performance in _____________, which refers to the chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance. mental age The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by: Robert Sternberg. Richard learned at an early age how to sell numerous items ranging from chocolate to small electronics. Many say his best education came from the streets he grew up on. This best illustrates: practical intelligence. ___________ is the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity Effective managers often demonstrate ________ levels of task leadership and ________ levels of social leadership. high; high Human factors psychologists are most likely to be involved in exploring how machines can be optimally designed to fit human abilities. Effectively designing physical environments—such as the layout of a kitchen in a way that maximizes safe and efficient meal preparation—is of special interest to human factors psychologists. Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of computer keyboards. Dr. Cheng studies social influence. He is concerned because he is finding that the rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference? Dr. Cheng has only male participants, whereas his cousin has only female participants. Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to a group mission best illustrates transformational leadership. _______________ is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Analytical intelligence The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by: Lewis Terman. Other sets by this creatorCommunities Exam #2: Stuff I Have Yet to Learn39 terms NoahB1995 Communities: Exam #268 terms NoahB1995 Last terms before communities exam 19 terms NoahB1995 Communities Exam #1: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 12,…156 terms NoahB1995 Verified questions
world geography How do democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries? Give examples of each. Verified answer
economics Suppose that $q=500-2 p$ units of a certain commodity are demanded when $p$ dollars per unit are charged, for $0 \leq p \leq 250$. a. Determine where the demand is elastic, inelastic, and of unit elasticity with respect to price. b. Use the results of part (a) to determine the intervals of increase and decrease of the revenue function and the price at which revenue is maximized. c. Find the total revenue function explicitly and use its first derivative to determine its intervals of increase and decrease and the price at which revenue is maximized. d. Graph the demand and revenue functions. Verified answer
algebra Find the rate. Three thousand six hundred is what percent of $72,000? Verified answer
finance **(Need for GAAP)** Some argue that having various organizations establish accounting principles is wasteful and inefficient. Rather than mandating accounting rules, each company could voluntarily disclose the type of information it considered important. In addition, if an investor wants additional information, the investor could contact the company and pay to receive the additional information desired. **<p style="color:red;">Instructions</p>** Comment on the appropriateness of this viewpoint. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsConsumer Behavior: Buying, Having, Being13th EditionMichael R Solomon 449 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 956 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 901 solutions HDEV56th EditionSpencer A. Rathus 380 solutions Other Quizlet setsPSY-10 Final47 terms Mireya_Samaniego6 America the Beautiful Part 2 Test 218 terms etkirtlan2 Autoimmune Markers, Proteins and Genes19 terms osaavedra87 What qualities are associated with high general intelligence?Positive signs of high intelligence. Good memory and thinking ability. ... . Good attitude and hard-working nature. ... . General and Tacit Knowledge. ... . Good language proficiency and reasoning skills. ... . Reliable decision-making. ... . Trusted by others. ... . High Creativity. ... . High Achievements.. What is intelligence people who have high general intelligence tend to be healthier what are the proposed explanations for this?People who have high general intelligence tend to be healthier. What are the proposed explanations for this? Correct: People with higher general intelligence can keep up with rapid advancements and complex concepts in modern medical research.
Which of the following is a component of high emotional intelligence quizlet?EQ includes? Self-regulation (self-managment), social awareness, and relationship management.
Which of the following are part of the definition of intelligence quizlet?Which of the following are part of the definition of intelligence? To think rationally. The capacity to understand the world. To use resources effectively when faced with challenges. The single, general factor for mental ability that is assumed to underlie intelligence is -factor.
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Which of the following qualities are associated with high general intelligence quizlet?
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