Show
HDFS 2113 Lifespan Human Development (S) Oklahoma State University Main Campus need for research to maximize benefits and minimize possible harmful effects of participation Current ethical guidelines for both behavioral and medical researchers have their origins in: Three basic principles of The Belmont Report: 1. beneficence 2. respect for persons (autonomy) 3. justice the process of evaluating the possible problems of a technology compared to the expected advantages What was Milgram's experiment on obedience? Teacher (participant), student (actors) shocking. 61-63% of participants went to the highest voltage when they wanted to stop but didn't because they were commanded not to What are some risks involved in psychological research? physical harm psychological stress loss of privacy and confidentiality The right of participants to concealment of their identity with respect to the data that they provide Autonomy (respect for persons)... according to the Belmont Report: participants are treated as autonomous; they are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research potential participants in a research project should be provided with all information that might influence their decision of whether to participate Content covered on informed consent: the purpose of research procedures that will be used risks and benefits any compensation confidentiality assurance of voluntary participation and permission to withdraw contact information for further questions what populations of individuals require special precautions when it comes to autonomy in participation? -minors -patients in psychiatric hospitals -adults with cognitive impairments this occurs when there is active misrepresentation of information Jack wants to conduct an experiment on people’s perceptions of tattoos. He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by having participants receive tattoos on their arms. The tattoos will vary in size and color. An ethical review board would most likely be concerned about A) the difference in size and color of the tattoo. B) people’s perceptions of tattoos. *C) the physical risk to the participants. D) the monetary cost of the tattoo. ¡ According to the Belmont report, which research participants need to be protected? A. those who are not beneficent B. those who have been treated unjustly *C. those who are not fully autonomous D. all of the above. In a research experiment, ______ protects information that is revealed by the participants. A) informed consent B) debriefing C) anonymity *D) confidentiality Current ethical guidelines for both behavioral and medical researchers have their origins in: A) Greek mythology. B) the Federal government. *C) the Belmont Report. D) None of these According to the Belmont Report, the need for research to maximize benefits and minimize possible harmful effects refers to which principle? A) Respect for persons *B) Beneficence C) Justice D) Common courtesy One problem with the use of informed consent is: **A) providing too much information could invalidate the results of the study. B) sample bias due to differences between participants and refusers. C) that knowledge of the research will alter participants' behavior. **D) All of these The Belmont Report’s principle of _____ requires that individuals be capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research A) deliberation B) beneficence *C) autonomy D) justice Before participating in his experiment, Mario explains to the participants the reason for the study and tells them they can withdraw from the study at any time. This procedure illustrates: A) deception. **B) informed consent. C) role-playing. D) psychological withdrawal Ethical concerns are especially important with special populations of participants such as _____ because _____. A) college students; they often have to participate as part of a course requirement **B) mental patients; they are not as capable of refusing to participate if they don't want to C) athletes; they fall under NCAA rules D) None of these--special populations are not considered differently because that would be discrimination In Milgram’s study on obedience, telling participants the purpose of the experiment was to study learning and memory was an example of: A) psychological stress. *B) deception. C) informed consent. D) debriefing Judy finds a high correlation between her measure of intimacy and a measure of self-disclosure. Judy’s finding would be an example of which type of validity? a. face b. Discriminant (also called divergent) c. predictive **d. Convergent Finding students who are taking gymnastics training to be more successful in cheerleading tryouts than those who have not would be demonstrating which type of validity? a. face You have just received a new digital tape measure. When you measure the same board four times, you find the measure fluctuates from 4 to 8 inches. You should conclude that the _____ of the tape measure is _____. A) validity; high B) validity; low C) reliability; high **D) reliability; low You are developing a measure of skills needed for the successful performance of a job. You include items the job supervisor feels are relevant for the job. What type of validity would this procedure best represent? *a. face b. discriminant c. predictive d. convergent A researcher has devised an Interpersonal Skills Test that consists of a type of ruler that shows a person's shoe size. This test probably has ________ and ________. a. high reliability; high validity b. low reliability; low validity *c. high reliability; low validity d. low reliability; high validity “State lawmakers should spend more money on bridge improvements and prisons" is an example of a ________ question. a. yes-or-no Do you agree that teenage drivers are more dangerous than twenty-something drivers?" is an example of a _____ question. a. simplistic “Do you agree that the term limits law should not be repealed” is an example of which type of question? a. double-barreled If you are asked to respond “true or false” to items, you have been asked _____ questions. a. loaded When interviewing Samantha, Bill smiles whenever Samantha responds with an answer that he likes. Bill's behavior is an example of a... a. response set. _____ indicates the amount of deviation in results obtained from a sample compared to the true population value. a. reliability Sarah stands outside of a grocery store on the west side of town and surveys exiting shoppers about their preference for frozen desserts. What type of sampling technique does Sarah's survey represent? a. probability In completing the PSDQ one of the research participants answers all questions with the following pattern, first C, then B, then C, then B. This pattern of answering questions is an example of a. alphabet answering. (not real) *b. a response set. c. social desirability d. feedback response Rules for writing questions: 1. simplicity 2. no double-barreled questions 3. no loaded questions 4. no negative wording 5. avoid yea-saying & nay-saying R easy to understand without jargon or technical terms that may be difficult for people to understand. Be specific but (KISS) KEEP IT SIMPLE, STUPD! double-barreled questions Do not ask about two separate issues in one question In other words – biased Leads people to respond in a certain way with the words used. Emotionally charged words: rape, waste, immoral, ungodly, dangerous Confusing! Using the word "no" in some form within the question. May lead to in-actuate answers Yea-saying and Nay-saying when you ask several questions about a topic, a respondent may employ a response set to agree or disagree with all the questions. (people say yes to every item instead of thinking carefully about each question) Which principle of the Belmont Report requires that individuals be capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research?The Belmont Report 's principle of respect for persons or autonomy states that participants are treated as autonomous; they are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research.
What are the 3 Belmont Report principles?Three basic principles, among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition, are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving human subjects: the principles of respect of persons, beneficence and justice.
What are the 3 principles of the Belmont Report quizlet?The three principles discussed in the Belmont Report are Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice.
Which of the following principles refers to the need for research to maximize benefits and minimize any possible harmful effects of participation?The principle of beneficence is behind efforts by researchers to minimize risks to participants and maximize benefits to participants and society.
|
Which of the following principles of the Belmont Report suggests that individuals are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 de.ketajaman Inc.
