Which of the following is an evidence based method that draws on observation and experimentation?

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Which of the following is an evidence based method that relies on observation and experimentation?
What method draws on observation and experimentation?
What does the empirical approach draws on?
Which psychologist insisted that psychology include the study of observable behavior?

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	Answer
What is the scientific attitude that encourages us to think harder and smarter?	critical thinking
Who founded the first psychology laboratory?	Wilhelm Wundt
Which psychological school of thought holds the view that psychology should be an objective science?	Behaviorism
Which psychological perspective is followed by a researcher who focuses on how our genes and our environment influence our individual differences?	Behavior genetics
What is an empirical approach?	an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation
What does psychology require?	critical thinking: thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
What do psychologists do?	examine assumptions appraise the sources, point out hidden biases evaluate evidence assesses conclusions
What are some examples where critical thinking is important in everyday life?	Deciding what news sources are credible and what sources are not. This is especially important on social media.
What does critical thinking involve?	Curiosity § Skepticism § Humility
Who were of the earliest thinkers to talk about psychology?	Socrates and Aristotle
What did early psychologists focused on?	the science of mental life; focusing on inner sensations, images, and feelings
What did psychologists believe later?	They believed psychology as a science should be rooted in observation
What is behaviorism?	The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science and that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. §
What do psychologists think today?	They believe that psychology should be an objective science
Who was one of the most well-known originators of behaviorism?	B.F. Skinner
What is Psychoanalytic Psychology?	Emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior
What do humanistic psychologists believe?	The need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits personal growth
Who were were early humanistic psychologists?	Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
What were the problems with behaviorism and Freudian psychology?	It was too limiting.
What is Humanistic Psychology also known as?	The cognitive Revolution. Began in 1960's
What is Psychology?	The Science of behavior and mental processes; roots in many disciplines and countries; growing and globalizing
What isognigive Psychology?	Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition, including perception, thinking, memory, and language
What is Cognitive Neuroscience?	Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition, including perception, thinking, memory, and language
What is natural selection?	the principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations . In other words, only the best and healthiest survive.
What is the nature-nurture debate?	The question as to whether or not our human traits are present at birth, or do they develop through experience
What is Evolutionary Psychology?	the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection
What does nurture work on?	What nature provides.
What is culture?	Shared ideas and behaviors passed from one generation to the next § Our culture shapes our be
How does culture shape our behavior?	It influences our standards of promptness and frankness, our attitudes toward premarital sex and varying body shapes, our tendency to be casual or formal, our willingness to make eye contact, our conversational distance, and much more
What is positive psychology?	Centers on happiness as by-product of a pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life § Uses scientific methods to support development of a good life
What is the focus of Neuroscience?	How the body and brain enable motions, memories, and sensory experiences
What is the focus of evolutionary psychology?	How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
What is the focus of behavior genetics?	How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
What is the focus of Psychodynamic Psychology?	How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
What is the focus of Behavioral Psychology?	How we learn observable responses
What is the focus of Cognitive Psychology?	How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
What is the focus of Social-Cultural Psychology?	How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
What is the biopsychosocial approach?	The study of psychological issues from three main levels of analysis: § Biological § Psychological § Social-cultural
What are bop;ogical influences?	genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits passed down from generations
What are psychological influences?	learned fears, emotional responses, cognitive processing
What are social-cultural influences?	presence of others, cultural and family expectations, peer and other group influences.
What is hindsight bias?	I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
What is overconfidence?	Tendency to think we know more than we do
What is confirmation bias?	A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
What is a theory?	explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations
What is a hypothesis?	(testable predictions
What is an operational definition?	-a carefully worded statement that exact procedures used in a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings can be reproduced
What is replication?	repeating research to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
What is meta-analysis?	a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion
What is a case study?	a technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principles
What is naturalistic observation?	observing behaviors within natural environments
What is a correlation?	suggests a possible cause-effect relationship, but DOES NOT prove it.
What is the placebo effect?	a beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in that treatment.
What is replication?	repetition--important is science to see if results can be repeated or reproduced.
random sample	A random sample is a sample that is chosen randomly. It could be more accurately called a randomly chosen sample. Random samples are used to avoid bias and other unwanted effects.
experimental group	An experimental group (sometimes called a treatment group) is a group that receives a treatment in an experiment. The “group” is made up of test subjects (people, animals, plants, cells etc.) and the “treatment” is the variable you are studying.
case study	a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

Which of the following is an evidence based method that relies on observation and experimentation?

Empiricism. Empiricism involves acquiring knowledge through observation and experience.

What method draws on observation and experimentation?

The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results.

What does the empirical approach draws on?

Empirical research draws from observed or measured phenomena and derives knowledge from actual experimentation or observation.

Which psychologist insisted that psychology include the study of observable behavior?

Watson, who suggested in his seminal 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It that all behaviors are a result of the learning process. Psychology, the behaviorists believed, should be the scientific study of observable, measurable behavior.

Which of the following is an evidence based method that draws on observation and experimentation?

Which of the following is an evidence based method that relies on observation and experimentation?

What method draws on observation and experimentation?

What does the empirical approach draws on?

Which psychologist insisted that psychology include the study of observable behavior?

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