Which of the following examples best illustrates the intuitive theory as it relates to infants

Maturation is best defined as

The biological unfolding of genetic potential

What characteristic belongs most in the cognitive domain of development?

The fact that development often involves continuities speaks to the fact that over time humans tend to

The key element of the scientific method is the belief that ________ should determine the merits of an idea.

Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote a popular book for parents, providing information on what behaviors can be expected of typical infants at specific ages. This sort of publication primarily reflects which goal of developmental psychology?

Based on an observation at a local fast-food restaurant, Dr.
Colby predicts that more people will buy a hamburger if it is covered in cheese. This prediction is most accurately thought of as a

After observing the interaction between rival street gangs, jet predicts that fighting between the gangs would decrease significantly if the existing “colors” of the two gangs were changed. This prediction is most accurately thought of as a

Which statement is NOT an assumption of the lifespan perspective

Development focuses on gains and not losses

Development of the idea of adolescence occurred as

More industrialization and am educated labor force required laws that restricted child labor and made schooling compulsory

Sixty year old Kwan has led a life with ups and downs and continues to maintain the capacity to change in response to experiences. A lifespan developmental psychologist would likely say that kwan has

In his book Adolescence G. Stanley Hall described the period between childhood and adulthood as s time of

Who is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology

The scientific method is best characterized as

Both a method and an attitude

The twentieth century’s unique addition to the definition of old age is the idea of

In the nineteenth century scholars began to systematically record the growth and development of their own children. The published versions of those observations were known as

The impact on research findings produced by historical events occurring at the moment the data were collected are referred to as _______________ effects.

For her senior project, Shantae wants to study children’s moral reasoning. During the fall semester, she interviews 20 individuals in each of the following grades: first, fourth, seventh, tenth, and college sophomores. She asks each participant to solve a practical moral dilemma. What time-frame is Shantae using?

A true experiment involves the ____________ of the independent variable.

Which type of study always involves an in-depth examination of one specific individual of a very small number of individuals?

In the Friedrich and Stein study in the influence of television on aggression, the type of television watched (aggressive, prosocial, or neutral) represented the _________ variable in the experiment.

In a psychological experiment, a researcher always

Manipulates some aspect of the environment and then measures the effect on behavior.

An fMRI uses magnetic forces to measure ___________ in an active area of the brain.

The fundamental question addressed by the correlational method is

“Are two or more variables related in some systematic way?”

The main limitation of the case study method is

Results may not generalize to others

Smoking cigarettes and having lung cancer are highly correlated events, and people often logically conclude that smoking causes cancer. It is hypothetically possible, however, that having lung cancer causes one to crave nicotine and thus it leads to smoking. This example illustrates the issue of

A reversed cause-effect relationship

Which statement best describes the basic premise of the cross sectional time-frame?

Added different age groups (e.g. 5,10-15-year-olds) at the same time

A hypothetical psychology instructor analyzing exam scores notices that students who performed well on the lecture-based questions actually performed poorly on the textbook based questions. She has discovered

A negative correlation between scores in the two parts of the exam

Dr. Fill wants to study the relationship between drug addiction and being the victim of child abuse. Because of federal regulations, he would have to use either a __________________.

Correlational design or quasi-experimental design

In DeLoche’s study of the relationship between types of training and vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary acquisition represented the ___________ variable in the experiment.

Only the ______ time-frame allows a researcher to potentially separate out effects of age, cohort, and time of measurement.

After Mr. Flay has finished filling out a survey that he thought was on cooking skills, he is told that the actual purpose of the survey was to asses his intelligence. This best represents the concept of

The fact that a study participant needs to be aware of what they may experience while in a research study illustrates the concept of

The American psychological association and the society for research on child development guidelines for ethics in research stipulate all of the following EXCEPT

Testing participants using multiple measures

Freud suggested that psychological problems arise when the

Supply of psychic energy is unevenly distributed between the id,ego, and superego

Libido is best defined as

The psychic energy of the sex instinct

Because he holds a psychoanalytical orientation. Dr. Powers would suggest that the true reason for his sons interest in becoming an international spy involves

Which of the following is a key criticism of Erickson’s theory of personality development

His theory is rather vague and difficult to test

Freud believed that human infants were born with

According to Freud the personality component underlying the crying of a hungry newborn is called the

When part of the libido remains tied to an earlier stage of development, __________ has occurred.

One strength of freuds approach to development is his description of how

Early experience can influence later development

An unconditioned stimulus is best described as

An event that automatically leads to a response

What is the best example of positive punishment?

Spanking a child in order to get him to stop swearing

What is vicarious reinforcement

When a person’s behavior changes based on consequences that happen to an observed model

What is a common criticism of learning approaches to human development?

Placing too little emphasis on genetic factors

Extinction impacts a behavior by

Making it less likely to occur

The basic premise of operant conditioning is that

The consequences that follow a behavior impact the likelihood of the behavior being repeated

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

a person, his or her behavior, and the environment

How could an elementary teacher effectively use negative punishment in the classroom?

Take away recess time to decrease misbehavior

A major issue with Watson and Raynors experiment is that

by today’s standards, it is unethical.

In operant conditioning terms, ___________ occurs when something unpleasant is added and the result is a decreased response rate.

Strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future e

A major criticism of Piaget’s theory is that it

underestimates the cognitive abilities of young children

Which best describes the problem-solving approach of the concrete operational thinker?

Piaget’s interest in cognitive development was impacted during his work on standardizing IQ tests, in which he took notice of

The fact that children of the same age often gave the same wrong answer

For Piaget, conservation is the ability to recognize that

Certain properties of an object do not change, even when it’s appearance is altered in a superficial way

Molly has just entered the stage of formal operational thought. Something she can do now that she could not do before is to

Deal effectively with purely hypothetical situations.

In bronfenbrenners theory, the immediate physical and social environment is the

The greatest weakness of the systems theory of development is that it

Fails to provide a coherent picture of development

Gene expression is affected by

both genetic and environmental factors

Forty-year old Chester has just begun showing signs of a deterioration of his nervous system. Chester most likely has

Tony and tina Can tell at birth that something is wrong with their son. Genetic tests indicate that the child has an extra chromosome in his cells and it’s a sex chromosome. Which of the following does the child most likely have?

Genotype is most accurately described as

The gene responses for sickle cell disease is thought to have arisen from a mutation that protected against

With regard to twins, monozygotic is to dizygotic as

Which procedure involves the assessment of cells that have passed through the placenta?

Who is least likely to have a chromosomal abnormality

Dick, who has a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Which statement concerning human sex chromosomes is true?

The X chromosome has more genes

Which is the best example of a genotype?

The genes on your X chromosome

Statistically, for every 250 births, you would expect ____ pair(s) of identical twins

Chromosomes consist of thousands of chromosomes

As it suddenly appeared in the bloodlines of the royal family of Europe, hemophilia is best explained in terms of

Some traits are more influenced by genetic factors that other traits, as reflected in the correlations between the traits of identical twins raised apart. Which one of the following series of traits is arranged from most to least heritable?

Height, brain activity, IQ scores, creativity

Which of the the following sets of data would show a strong genetic influence on the development of a trait?

Identical twins raised apart score more similarly to one another than fraternal twins raised together

Which statement concerning heritability is true?

Heritability estimates differ by environment

The logic behind adoption studies is that

If adopted children are similar to their adoptive parents on a given characteristic, then the expression of that characteristic is likely to be influenced by environmental factors.

Baby Gerber smiles and coos so often and is so delightful that his parents feel compelled to smile and chatter right back at him. Which sort of genetic environmental does this best illustrate?

evocative genotype-environment

Which term is best defined as an infants tendency to respond in predicable ways?

Your psychology professor asks you to write a paper on the prenatal environment. Which search topic should you use for your web search?

Which statement concerning IVF is true?

IVF results in live birth for 5% of women 43 to 44 years of age

Neurons that will become part of the cerebral cortex migrate by

Traveling along the surface of glial cells

Research on infant states shows that

Fetuses who spend a lot of time in active states tend to be active as infants

The outer layer of the embryo forms the

One critical factor in determine whether a mother’s alcohol consumption will have negative impact on her fetus concerns the mother’s

Rate of metabolizing alcohol

On an average day Jenna smokes about 24 cigarettes and has done so through her pregnancy. Consequently she has put her baby at an increased risk for all of the following except:

A teratogen is best described as

Any drug, disease, or environmental agent that causes a birth defect

The presence of ______ in vaccines containing Thermisol led some parents to question whether there may be a link between being vaccinated and being autistic

Myrna started taking the drug thalidomide in her sixth month of pregnancy. Chances are her baby will

Suffer no harmful effects

Rice, Thapar and colleagues attempted to uncouple the effects of genetics and the effects of smoking while pregnant on birth weight and elevated antisocial behavior. They found that

Antisocial behavior could be linked to genes but not to smoking

Having an older father increased the risk for a child being born with

Which teratogen would most likely result in a baby being born with a missing limb?

The idea of ______ is that environmental events during pregnancy may alter the expected genetic unfolding of the embryo/fetus or reset its physiological functions.

The neonatal period is best described as

The first months after birth

Research has shown that most birthing women experience pain and anxiety, and _________ view the experience as positive.

Maternal postpartum depression

Tends to be found in individuals with a history of depression

Helio is currently experiencing symptoms of couvades. As such, you would expect him to complain about

Who would be most likely to develop a theory hypothesizing that in order to interpret music, a person would have to hear many versions of the sound?

Humans have innate perceptual abilities

Research has shown that ___________ need to be detected and corrected as early in life as possible

Both hearing and visual problems

Six month old Barbie watches as two dolls are placed behind a screen. When the screen is removed Barbie sees either two dolls or one doll. Which of the following reactions is the infant likely to show?

Barbie will look longer at the impossible outcome than the possible outcome

What was the key to finding of the cat in the hat study on hearing?

Voice recognition is influenced by prenatal experience

A __________ task always involves attaching an electrode to a subject

Which statement would indicate that Tory is an intuitive theorist?

Infants seem to perceive the world in a very adult like manner

Which of the following is the best example of the infant as an intuitive theorist?

Infants show surprise when a ball that is dropped behind a screen is later shown to be suspended in the air

According to the intuitive theorist perspective, infants

have innate knowledge of the world and can reason about the world like adults do

Which describes the “sleeper effect of early visual deficits”

If an infant does not experience normal visual experience even after corrective surgery it may never develop a normal perception of vision

Lewis and Maurer provided evidence for multiple sensitive periods for vision that included all of the following except a sensitive period for

Which of the following is NOT a typical change in attention during childhood?

Attention becomes more focused on irrelevant subjects

When driving at night an elderly person may have trouble seeing well when exiting a lighted freeway onto an unlighted road. The most likely cause of this trouble involves

Slower dark adaptation abilities

Which is the most common visual condition for a person over age 70?

Woods has been diagnosed with presbycusis. What is he most likely experiencing!

He is having difficulty hearing high frequency sounds

In terms of their ability to sense pain, old people typically experience

Less sensitivity to mild pain

Statistically, who is least likely to be in an accident?

Which cognitive skill would a formal operations thinker posses that a concrete operational thinker would lack?

Hypothetical deductive reasoning

During which stage of development would a person first be able to understand that her dad is a parent, an uncle, and someone’s son

The “crowning achievement” of the sensorimotor stage is the ability to

Construct mental symbols that guide behavior

Transformational thought is best defined as the ability to

Conceptualize processes of change from one state to another

Amber can quickly and accurately arrange crayons from lightest to darkest. This demonstrates a capacity for

A hallmark achievement of concrete operational thought is being able to

Which is the most common belief among multicultural scholars about Piaget's theory of infant development?

What is the best example of a gross motor skill?

Which of the following is the best example of a fine motor skill quizlet?

Which is the best example of a gross motor skill quizlet?