The Song Confucian Revival“Neo-Confucianism”There was a vigorous revival of Confucianism in the Song period. Confucian teachings were central to the civil service examination system, the identity of the scholar-official class, the family system, and political discourse. Show
Confucianism had naturally changed over the centuries since the time of Confucius (ca. 500 BCE). Confucius’s own teachings, recorded by his followers in the Analects, were still a central element, as were the texts that came to be called , which included early poetry, historical records, moral and ritual injunctions, and a divination manual. But the issues stressed by Confucian teachers changed as Confucianism became closely associated with the state from about 100 BCE on, and as it had to face competition from Buddhism, from the second century CE onward. Confucian teachers responded to the challenge of Buddhist metaphysics by developing their own account of the natural and human world. With roots in the late Tang dynasty, the Confucian revival flourished in the Northern and Southern Song periods and continued in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties that followed. The revived Confucianism of the Song period (often called Neo-Confucianism) emphasized self-cultivation as a path not only to self-fulfillment but to the formation of a virtuous and harmonious society and state. The revival of Confucianism in Song times was accomplished by teachers and scholar-officials who gave Confucian teachings new relevance. Scholar-officials of the Song such as and provided compelling examples of the man who put service to the state above his personal interest. The Southern Song philosopher is known for his synthesis of Neo-Confucian philosophy. Zhu Xi wrote commentaries to of the Confucian tradition, which he extolled as central to the education of scholars. Zhu Xi was also active in the theory and practice of education and in the compiling of a practical manual of family ritual. In Confucian teaching, . Everyone should respect and obey his or her parents and put the interests of the family before personal interests. This extended also to ancestors. It was considered essential that everyone marry, so that family lines would continue and male heirs make offerings of food and drink to their deceased ancestors. Girls left their families when they married. So long as they gave birth to sons, they would eventually gain a respected place in their family of marriage, and would be treated as ancestors by their sons and sons’ sons. Mothers and grandmothers had important and respected places in their families. The Song is often seen as a time when . Compared to Tang times, women were less active in politics and less commonly seen on the streets. Song Confucian teachers argued against widows remarrying, and On the other hand, women’s rights to property were relatively secure in Song times, and . is a famous Chinese poet who wrote during the Song. She wrote poetry in a new form that had become popular at the time, with irregular lines that were inspired by musical lyrics. • Read Li Qingzhao’s poem To “Southern Song.” They were what made possible the continuation of the family. Although they were expected to learn to be filial, they were also indulged. Toy peddlers like the one in the scroll were sometimes depicted by painters surrounded by excited children. • “Concerns for the Family Head,” from Family and Property in Sung China: Yuan Ts’ai’s Precepts for Social Life, translated by Patricia Buckley Ebrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), 267-72, 280-84, 313-21. • A Visual Sourcebook for Chinese Civilization: Painting as a Social Record: Private
Life [Patricia Ebrey, University of Washington] journal article Review: Two Recently Published Histories on the Song Dynasty (960—1279)Reviewed Works: The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China by Dieter Kuhn; The Cambridge History of China, Volume 5, Part 1, The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907—1279 by Denis C. Twitchett, Paul Jakov Smith Review by: James M. Hargett China Review International Vol. 16, No. 3 (2009) , pp. 293-304 (12 pages) Published By: University of Hawai'i Press https://www.jstor.org/stable/23733356
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Journal Information China Review International: A Journal of Reviews of Scholarly Literature in Chinese Studies aims to present informative, insightful, and critical English-language reviews of innovative and relevant Chinese Studies-related books from within and outside of China. Its multi- and interdisciplinary scope and global coverage make it an essential tool for everyone interested in the culture and society of Chinese-language communities around the world and enable any informed scholar to keep abreast of contemporary cutting-edge academic research. Publisher Information Since its establishment in 1947, University of Hawai'i Press has published over 2,000 books and over 900 journal issues. Within the worldwide scholarly community, University of Hawai'i Press is recognized as a leading publisher of books and journals in Asian, Asian American, and Pacific studies. Disciplines covered include the arts, history, language, literature, natural science, philosophy, religion, and the social sciences. The University of Hawai'i Press also serves as a distributor for more than 140 scholarly publishers in North America, Asia, the Pacific, and elsewhere. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. What major development was introduced during the Song dynasty and what effect did it have on the population?During the Song (Sung) Dynasty (960-1276), technology was highly advanced in fields as diverse as agriculture, iron-working, and printing. Indeed, scholars today talk of a Song economic revolution. The population grew rapidly during this time, and more and more people lived in cities.
Which advancement of the Song dynasty was the greatest contribution to human civilization?Perhaps the most significant advance, however, was the invention of movable type printing, achieved around the year 1040, four hundred years before Gutenburg's printing innovations in Europe.
What was special about the Song dynasty?The Song dynasty was the first in world history to issue banknotes or true paper money and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty saw the first recorded chemical formula of gunpowder, the invention of gunpowder weapons such as fire arrows, bombs, and the fire lance.
What 3 major inventions did the Song dynasty create?The Song period is often compared with the western Renaissance when plenties of inventions were made that substantially improved the welware of mankind and contributed to technological progress. Indeed, three important inventions of mankind were made during the Song period: moveable printing types, gunpowder, and the ...
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Which of the following developments best explains why many historians argue that the Song Dynasty?
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