Which of the following are ways that oversight of the bureaucracy can occur? quizlet

Cabinet departments differ from independent regulatory agencies in which of the following ways?

A. The President can use an executive order to create a cabinet department but not to create an independent regulatory agency.

B. The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies.

C. The President seeks appointees who reflect administration views in making cabinet appointments but not in making appointments to independent regulatory agencies.

D. Through the appropriations process, Congress can exert control over the cabinet departments but not over independent regulatory agencies.

E. The courts can overrule regulations issued by cabinet departments, but not those issued by independent regulatory agencies.

agency that provides Congress with information about how tax dollars are spent and how the government could be made more efficient
-Government Accountability Office

agency within the Executive Office of the President with control over the federal budget and regulations
-Office of Management and Budget

has key staff reporting directly to the president and includes groups such as the National Security Council and Council of Economic Advisers, among others
-Executive Office of the President

agency addressing consumer complaints and regulating banks, payday lenders, debt collectors, among other firms
-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

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Who exercises control over the bureaucracy?

a. The judicial branch controls the bureaucracy by reviewing regulations to make sure they are constitutional before they go into effect.
b. The executive branch controls the bureaucracy by appointing all federal employees.
c. There is very little control over the bureaucracy because agencies make regulations that have the force of law.
d. Congress controls the bureaucracy because it has the power to fire agency heads after oversight hearings and for cause
e. Both Congress and the executive branch have controls over the bureaucracy

e

The expansion of the executive branch since 1939 has affected the separation of powers by
a. increasing presidential control over the legislative process
b. making senatorial approval of presidential appointees ceremonial
c. giving more power to interest groups than to parties
d. increasing the power of the media as a result of more frequent presidential press conferences
e. reducing the power of the Supreme Court through the use of executive orders

a

Which of the following describes the president's Cabinet?
a. Its members must be selected from among current or former members of Congress.
b. Its members have varying levels of influence on presidential decisions.
c. Its members are required to approve presidential policy decisions.
d. It consists of career civil servants with decades of experience in government service.
e. Its members hold office for fixed terms that coincide with the president's.

b

The basis of appointments to the bureaucracy during most of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century was

a. technical expertise.
b. congressional power and influence.
c. financial.
d. judicial power and influence.
e. patronage.

e

Congress is most likely to exert oversight of the executive bureaucracy in which of the following ways?
a. Changing the term length of heads of independent regulatory commissions
b. Controlling an executive agency's annual budget This answer is correct.
c. Directly selecting the head of an executive agency
d. Using the Court to block implementation of proposed regulations
e. Impeaching the head of an executive agency

b

The Pendleton Act established

a. the military draft.
b. direct primaries.
c. citizenship for Native Americans.
d. the Federal Reserve System.
e. the civil service system for federal jobs.

e

What is NOT a characteristic of bureaucrats?

a. Generally speaking, bureaucrats have job security to protect them for political reprisals
b. most bureaucrats live and work outside of Washington, DC.
c. Almost half of all bureaucrats get their jobs through presidential appointment.
d. Together, the Defense Department and the Postal Service account for the majority of jobs in the federal bureaucracy.
e. most bureaucrats are hired after competing for their jobs through a process administered by the Office of Personnel and Management.

c

In recent presidential administrations, the principal staff for the President has been made up of members of the

a. national committee of the President's party
b. cabinet
c. civil service
d. Congress
e. White House Office

e

Stable relationship and pattern of interaction occur between an agency, interest group, and congressional committee are called

a. Iron Triangles.
b. Independent Regulatory Agencies.
c. Issue Networks.
d. Independent Executive Agencies.
e. Office of Homeland Security.

a

The primary responsibility for determining monetary policy in the United States rests with the
a. International Monetary Fund
b. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
c. World Bank
d. Treasury Department
e. Comptroller of the Currency

b

To influence policy making by the federal courts, the president may do all of the following EXCEPT

a. take political ideology into account in making judicial appointments
b. encourage the Justice Department to get involved in cases that test certain issues
c. fire and replace federal judges
d. make public statements about issues that might appear before the courts
e. take partisanship into account in making judicial appointments

c

An advantage that bureaucrats in the federal government have over the policy-making process is that bureaucrats

a. usually have better access to the media than does the president.
b. usually have a continuity of service in the executive branch that the president lacks.
c. control the budgetary process.
d. have an independence from the president that is guaranteed by the Constitution.
e. find it easier to gather public support than does the president.

b

In general, what is the opinion of the American public regarding the bureaucracy?

a. When people have personal dealings with bureaucrats, they generally have negative experiences, although they have a favorable attitude about the federal government as a whole.
b. People have negative experiences with individual bureaucrats and feel negatively about the government as a whole.
c. People have positive experiences with individual bureaucrats and feel positively about the government as a whole.
d. When people have personal dealings with bureaucrats, they generally have positive experiences, although they have a less favorable attitude about the federal government as a whole.

d

Which of the following is the primary reason for the tensions that exist between the legislative and executive branches of the federal government?
a. Each branch sets and approves the other's budget.
b. Each branch has the constitutional power to levy taxes.
c. The branches are responsible for the selection of Cabinet-level officials.
d. The branches have different constituencies with different interests.
e. The branches are staffed with many of the same people.

d

From the standpoint of a federal agency, what is the advantage of an iron triangle?

a. It provides agency heads with access to the media, so they can publicize their programs.
b. It prevents Congress from using oversight hearings as a means of cutting agency budgets.
c. It allows federal agencies to receive funding directly from interest groups.
d. It gives the federal agency a direct link to the White House staff.
e. It gives the agency allies in Congress, as well as in the private sector.

e

A policy that sets emission standards for automobiles is an example of
a. judicial policy
b. regulatory policy
c. distributive policy
d. fiscal policy
e. monetary policy

b

When a president tries to control a bureaucratic agency, all of the following methods are available to him EXCEPT:

a. using his office to influence agency direction.
b. recommending to the OMB a reduction of the agency's following year's budget
c. appointing the right people to head the agency.
d. disbanding the agency.
e. issuing executive orders to counteract agency policies.

d

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?
a. The Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause
b. The First Amendment's right to freedom of expression
c. The Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule
d. The Fifth Amendment's power of eminent domain
e. The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection

e

Congress tries to control the bureaucracy through

a. regularly threatening to abolish it.
b. deregulation.
c. rewriting laws and budgets and holding hearing
d. the use of executive orders and appointments.
e. the creation of iron triangles.

c

The most significant trend in federal-state relations during the 1980s was
a. bringing about greater equality in the provision of social services in different states
b. expanding the authority of county and municipal governments at the expense of state governments
c. giving the federal government control over social welfare programs
d. shifting the responsibilities and costs for many programs to state governments
e. limiting state governments' ability to assess income taxes

d

In general, independent regulatory commissions are created primarily for the purpose
a. regulating certain industries to protect the public interest.
b. supporting and helping cabinet-level departments.
c. increasing the President's patronage powers.
d. proposing policy alternatives during periods of crisis.
e. regulating activities of other bureaucratic agencies to ensure that they act in a fair and objective manner.

a

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that
a. in school districts in which local authorities can demonstrate that all students belong to a single religion, mandated prayer is permissible
b. state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment
c. the free exercise clause permits teachers to mandate silent prayer
d. state-sponsored prayer is permitted by the free exercise clause of the First Amendment
e. since educational policy is controlled largely by state governments, the First Amendment does not affect school policy on prayer

b

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are examples of
a. congressional committees
b. White House staff agencies
c. Executive Office bureaus
d. independent agencies
e. cabinet departments

d

Which of the following is true of the relationship between Congress and executive agencies?
a. Agencies, once created, work totally independent of Congress.
b. Because the agencies have bureaucratic expertise, Congress delegates "rule-making authority" to them.
c. Because of differing objectives, their relationships are always adversarial.
d. The agencies were created by and work under the direction of Congress.
e. Congress creates, staffs, and supervises all executive agencies.

b

Generally, when is a president more likely to get congressional approval of proposed policies?
a. After midterm congressional elections
b. When public opinion is sharply divided over policies
c. In foreign affairs rather than in domestic affairs
d. In social policy areas rather than in economic policy areas
e. In the second term rather than in the first

c

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service will spend money appropriated by Congress to maintain wildlife refuges. This action is an example of
a. an unfunded mandate
b. the power of the filibuster
c. congressional oversight of the bureaucracy
d. bureaucratic implementation of law
e. an independent expenditure

d

The purpose of the Twenty-Second Amendment, passed in 1951, was to

a. allow the president to choose a vice-presidential running mate
b. limit presidential terms of office
c. allow voters in the District of Columbia to vote
d. allow for presidential impeachments
e. provide more checks and balances on the executive office

b

Congress adopted the War Powers Resolution to
a give the president additional powers in case of military emergencies.
b delineate a clear chain of command in the event of nuclear war.
c criticize the president for declaring war without authorization from Congress.
d limit the president's authority to commit troops overseas.

d

Which of the following is an example of presidential use of informal powers?
a) President Ronald Reagan nominating Sandra Day O'Connor to the United States Supreme Court
b) President John F. Kennedy negotiating the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union
c) President Bill Clinton advocating for public policy reform on his Health Security Express bus
d) President Barack Obama delivering the State of the Union address to Congress.

c

All of the following make it difficult for presidents to control the actions of federal agencies EXCEPT
a) the civil service system.
b) issue networks (iron triangles).
c) bureaucratic inertia.
d) the appointment of cabinet heads.

d

Executive agreements have been cited as evidence that
a) modern presidents try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority.
b) the executive branch has become too large and bureaucratic.
c) presidents have less power in handling foreign policy than in handling domestic policy.
d) interest groups have too much power in the contemporary governmental system.

a

To influence policy making by the federal courts, the president may do all of the following EXCEPT
a) take partisanship into account in making judicial appointments.
b) take political ideology into account in making judicial appointments.
c) fire and replace federal judges.
d) make public statements about issues that might appear before the courts.

c

The president's role is chief diplomat is derived
a) from informal powers
b) from delegated powers.
c) from concurrent powers.
d) from expressed powers.

b

The primary function of White House staff is to
a) initiate policy.
b) advise the president.
c) represent the bureaucratic agencies.
d) act as a liaison with members of Congress.

b

The War Powers Resolution does which of the following?
a) Gives president the power to declare war
b) Requires that Congress report to the President before it cuts military appropriations
c) Requires that the president notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops
d) Allows the National Security Council to conduct military operations if the president is incapacitated

c

All of the following are presidential powers EXCEPT the authority to
a) negotiate treaties
b) veto legislation.
c) declare war
d) nominate ambassadors.

c

Congress enacted the presidential line-item veto primarily in order to
a) control local pork-barrel projects.
b) prevent defense overruns.
c) limit welfare payments to unwed mothers.
d) decrease United States contributions to the United Nations.

a

All of the following statements about presidential vetoes are correct EXCEPT:
a) Historically, fewer than 10 percent of vetoes have been overridden by Congress.
b) Pocket vetoes can be overridden by Congress.
c) A veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress.
d) A veto cannot be overridden by the Supreme Court.

b

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