Which of the following are examples of data visualizations select all that apply?

# Mentor Hints for Week 4 Graded Quiz Question 1 Please watch The Storyboarding Hourglass video for a review of the hourglass model. --> Begin and end your presentation with motivating context Commentary: So, "motivation context" means "big picture". That was something I was missing the first time. This was not why I selected the above statement though. I selected the statement because of this picture. Surround the presentation with "motivating context". When something is surrounded by another thing, it has that thing at the beginning and the end. So, the correct answer is "begin and end your presentation with motivating context". I did not think of that the first time. I involved spatial reasoning in deriving the answer. My logic was a bit unorthodox, compared to Coursera's explanation. But it is all good. I cleared the persistent hurdle between me and a 100%. I encountered at least one new problem each re-take. Being able to get them all correct tells me that I DID get something away from this week's course contents. Question 2 Please see video Making Your Data Story Come Alive for a review about story elements. Question 3 Please see video Storyboarding Your Presentation to review what those components are. Question 4 Please see video Storyboarding Your Presentation to review the correct answer and its rationale. Question 5 Please see video Overgeneralization and Sample Bias to review what leads to and prevents this logical fallacy. Question 6 Please see video Overgeneralization and Sample Bias to review what leads to and prevents this logical fallacy. #Commentary: The fallacy is over-generalization (or hasty generalization). The analyst was making a claim based on limited evidence, rather than statistics that is more in line with typical or average population. Ideally, the analyst could have asked more probing questions to understand the various business aspects, especially the aspect customers with lower IDs were those who had been with the company the longest. Because the analyst was not aware of this critical business aspect and ran the experiment on the first 1000 customer IDs. This is making a claim on limited evidence that does not reflect the average population. There is some kind of control here: customers who received the advertisements vs. customers who did not receive the advertisements. Question 8 Please see video How Correlations Impact Business Decisions to review how correlations impact business decisions. Question 9 See video Choosing Visualizations for Story Points to review why certain charts are effective or not effective in business presentations. Question 10 Please see video The Neuroscience of Visual Perception can Make or Break your Visualization to review how differences in what humans can perceive should be taken into consideration in your visualizations. Question 11 Please see video Misinterpretations Caused by Colorbars to review how colorbars can be misleading. Question 12 Go to video Visual Contrast Directs where Your Audience Looks to review how to format your graphs to tell a data story. Question 13 Please see video Formatting Slides to Communicate Data Stories to review the concept of data-ink. Question 14 Please see video Formatting Slides to Communicate Data Stories to review the concept of data-ink. Question 15 Please see video Delivering your Data Story to review effective methods for presenting a data story. Quiz #4 1. The hourglass model is a framework for structuring effective business presentations. Which of the following is NOT part of the hourglass model? Choose all that apply. Answer: Opening your presentation with an agenda, A complete description of all the analyses you tried Comments: Begin your presentation with your agenda and end with a story. Correct! The model resebles an hourglass because it suggets that you start your presentation with the big pciture, narrow in to some details, and then come back out to the big picture again at the end of the presentation. Many people forget this last step, but it is very important, because the first and last things you say are things your auience is most likely to remember, and are in the things that are most likely to leave a lasting impact. 2. Beginning your business presentation in the middle of the plot of a motivational story can sometimes be an effective way to lead into your business recommendation. Answer: True Comments: Correct! Beginning your business presentation in the middle of the plot of a motivational story can create a sense of momentum and expectation for what will come next, which can sometimes be an effective way to lead into your business recommendation. 3. The storyboarding process includes: Answer: all of the above Comments: Steps for Storyboarding: 1. Right down each insight you discovered during analysis that help you arrive at your decision 2. Each point could be considered a story point that would have its own graph and slide 3. Each story point should be able to be summarized in one sentence 4. Widdle down story points to what you need to make your recommendations. * Ideally you will have three points, with three subpoints 5. Organize them in the most compelling order about your recommendation 1. If NOT contrversial *start with strongest point first 2. If it is controversial *Start with least controversial (people are most likely to agree if you get them saying “yes” first 3. Show the data that supports your point first, then make the point. 6.Draw sketch of what graph would be appropriate for each visualization *Help you pick up themes *Keep out SD lines etc *Show it to multiple people before you show it to the owners 4. According to the psychology literature, if the business recommendation you are going to make in a business presentation is likely to be controversial, you should order the stem of your presentation hourglass so that the: Answers: least controversial point is presented first. Comments:Correct! People are more likely to be persuaded by an argument if you get them into a general feeling of agreement first, so starting with your least controversial point will get your audience used to saying “yes” before you present them with something to which they might want to say “no.” 5.The logical fallacy of overgeneralization can be avoided by removing outliers and rows with missing data. Answer: False Comment: Unfortunately not. The outliers or missing data may share common characteristics, so removing them without prior examination could bias your data. If the data are biased, removing them will lead to overgeneralized conclusions. 6. To test whether a certain advertising campaign would work, an analytics team sorts their customer list from lowest to highest customer ID number, and then sends their advertisement to the first 1000 customers on the list. The rest of the customers did not receive any advertisements that week. When analyzing the results of the campaign one week later, the analytics team realized that there was a previously unknown pattern in the customer ID numbers: the lower the customer number, the longer the person had been a customer. Thus, the customers who received the advertisement were the individuals who had been customers with the company the longest. The analytics team decided the test was invalid and needed to be repeated. The reason for their decision was that analyzing the results in their current form would result in the following logical fallacy (or fallacies): Answer: Over-generalization Comment: The fallacy is over-generalization (or hasty generalization). 7. When two variables are correlated, one variable does not cause the other variable. Answer: False Comment: Always be wary of drawing causation conclusions. Although a correlation between two variables does not mean one variable  must cause the other variable, it still permits the possibility that one variable causes the other. 8. The best way to understand the nature of a relationship between two variables is to run a test. Answer: True Comment: Correct! The only way to find out if one factor causes another is to use the scientific method and run a test or experiment where you change the variable you think is causing the effect you want, and hold all other factors constant . Ideally you would start by running the tests in small-scale pilot scenarios where the stakes are lower, before you run larger tests or make the recommendation to implement a full-scale change. 9. Which charts should you NOT use often in business presentations? Choose all that apply. Answer: 3D charts,Scatter plots Comments: Correct! Bar charts and line charts are very effective, and pie charts can be effective when they display small numbers of categories. Scatter plots are too complicated for general audiences, and 3D charts tend to be misleading. 10. When you want to represent very detailed and nuanced information about continuous variables, given humans’ ability to perceive relative differences along different kinds of visual attributes, which of the following attributes should you exploit in your visualizations? Choose the best 2 options. Answer: position, length Comments: Humans have a clear hierchy of how accurate we are at perceiving physical differences. We are great at seeing differences in position or length, but not that good at color or hue. 11. If you are in a situation where you MUST use colorbars to represent detailed information about a continuous variable, you should: Answer: use a gray scale that goes from black to white. Comments: Most color bars unit do not equal one unit of value change. Correct! Black to white scales tend to have more even transitions than do color scales, so what you perceive as 1 unit of change in color is more likely to represent 1 unit of physical distance along a grayscale colorbar than a multi-colored colorbar. 12. Visualizations for persuasion should: (Choose all that apply) 3 Answer:show the visualizations in an order that helps your audience evaluate the options clearly, show selected pieces of data, direct your audience’s eyes to the precise points of the data that support your argument. Comments: Correct! Visualizations for analysis should often show as much data as possible, but visualizations for persuasion should filter to show only the data that supports the argument you are making. 13. Which of the following reflect(s) the principles of maximizing the data-ink ratio? Choose all that apply. Answer: Reducing the amount of text on the slide, Making the borders of bars in a graph the same as the slide background Comment: Use the rule of thirds for transition slides, put text and images along the lines instead of centered. Data slides should be front and center 14.  It’s a good idea to apply the rule of thirds to: (Choose all that apply) Answer: Transition slides, Slides illustrating stories,Soft break slides, Slides meant to catch your audience’s attention Comments: Data slides should display the data in the center of the slide and thus do not follow the rule of thirds. 15. Effective presentation techniques include: Answer: all of the above Comment: Correct! All of these techniques will greatly improve how your presentation is received. 16. A hospital was having problems with the amount of time employees with direct care responsibilities were absent from work. Due to the high levels of absenteeism, patient satisfaction was declining, 20% of patient-related work was not getting done, and 47% of non-patient work was not getting done. At the advice of a consulting company, the hospital implemented a positive incentive system that would allow all employees to convert up to 24 hours of unused sick time into additional pay or more vacation days in order to reduce absenteeism. After 6 months of implementing the program, the hospital analysts calculated that absentee rates declined an average of 11.5 hours per employee, and concluded that the program was successful in this company. Did the hospital analysts commit any logical fallacies when arriving at their conclusion, and if so, which fallacy (or fallacies)? --> Lack of controls Answer: Lack of Control. Correct! Commentary: The key question is here: the analyst ran the experiment without a control group. If an experiment is ran indiscriminately over a population, you cannot conclude exactly what factors are causing the outcome you see. There might be factors in the population that, even if you do not run the experiment, would still cause the observed outcome. So, the logical fallacy is "lack of control". The analyst could have done the following to avoid making the logical fallacy "lack of control": randomly select a group of employees to give out the incentive. This is the experimental group. Employees who are not offered the incentive is the control group. After six months, compare the attendance rates of the experimental group and control group. However, if the difference in attendance rates between the control group and experiment group is not strong enough or there is no difference, then, the increase in attendance rate in the experimental group is more likely to have been caused by factors other than the incentive program recommended by the analyst.

Which of the following are examples of data visualizations?

What are 4 characteristics of data visualization?

What are the four types of data visualizations?

Which of the following are examples of data visualizations select all that apply 1 point maps reports graphs charts?