When variables such as ethnicity social class and subcultural membership affect a particular individual at a particular time these factors are Called_?

lifespan development is the field of study that...

examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occurs throughout the entire lifespan

approaches to lifespan development

1. physical development 2. cognitive development 3. social and personality development

intellectual landmarks and factors 

personality and social development

how personality and social interactions develop in a person

-prenatal -infancy/toddlerhood 0-3 -preschool 3-6 -middle childhood 6-12 -adolescence 12-20 -young adulthood 20-40 -middle adulthood 40-65 -late adulthood 65-death

cohort means a group of...

people born around the same time and in the same place

cohort effects provide...

an example of history-graded influences which are biological and environmental influences associated with a group of people

history graded influences

biological and environmental influences associated with a historical event or specific place and period of time

biological and environmental influences that are common among individuals of a certain age group, regardless of their location

sociocultural graded influences

the social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual

non-normative life events

specific, atypical events that occur in a person's life at a time when such events do not usually happen to most people

Freud believed that ___ is the part of the personality that is rational and reasonable

Alice began to put less effort into her math homework and therefore failed math. This is an example of what type of behavior?

advocates of the ___ perspective believe that much of behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts of which a person has little control

What is the learning approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person, called modeling?

social-cognitive learning

an example of a biological universal even that occurs at relatively the same time throughout all societies is what?

Which of the Bronfenbrenner's four levels addresses the everyday, immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives?

Eleanor Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, and Albert Einstein are used as examples of

________ is a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences.

Erikson argued that each of his 8 stages presents a(n) ________ that the individual must resolve.

A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences is called

The ________ perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and to control their behavior.

When Allison was completing her medical forms in the doctor's office, she was asked to indicate her race. What may be an appropriate reason(s) for the question on the forms?

to establish biological factors

Behavior modification depends upon what principles?

Roger likes to buy lottery tickets regularly even though he only occasionally wins. This is an example of ________ behavior.

The vast majority of lifespan development focuses on

Freud believed that the ________ begins to develop around age(s) 5 or 6, and is learned from significant authority figures.

Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages is called ________ change.

Walter is a college student who is about to graduate from college. At what age would he most likely consider that substantial changes have occurred in his life

when he leaves college and enters the workforce at age 22

Operant conditioning was formulated and championed by

________ is Freud's representation of incorporating the distinction between right and wrong.

Advocates of the ___ believe that much of behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts which a person has little awareness or control.

Psychodynamic Perspective

The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world is called the

Which developmental approach looks at cognitive development through the lens of brain processes by considering internal mental processes focused on neurological activity that underlies thinking, problem solving, and cognitive behavior?

If a researcher is studying whether newborns respond differently to their mothers, as compared to others, or when the sense of gender identity develops, this researcher would be studying what type of development?

Roger likes to buy lottery tickets regularly even though he only occasionally wins. This is an example of ___ behavior.

Freud believed that the ___ begins to develop around age 5 or 6, and is learned from significant authority figures.

The __ perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and to control their behavior.

Erikson argued that each of his 8 stages presents a(n) __ that the individual must resolve.

What approach builds on Peaget's research, and views cognition as made up of different types of individual skills, while using terminology from information processing approaches?

What did Piaget call the process in which changes in the existing way a child thinks in response to encounters with new stimuli or events?

What issue has dominated much work in lifespan development?

How much of peoples behavior is due to their genetically determines nature and how much is due to nurture?

Wilma used both cocaine and alcohol during her pregnancy, and this considered an impact upon environmental influences known as

What is the theory that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds?

Researchers in the early learning department of a university are conducting a long-term study to see how problem-solving skills change over the course of school-age students as they continue from elementary to high school to college. What type of development are the researchers most likely studying?

When social and cultural factors affect an individual at a particular time and include variables as ethnicity, social class, ans subcultural membership, this is called...

Sociocultural-graded influences

___ Development involves the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span.

The vast majority of lifespan development focuses on ...

Which of the Bronfenbrenner's four levels addresses the everyday, immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives?

Walter is a college student who is about to graduate from college. At what age would he most likely consider that substantial changes have occurred in his life?

When he leaves college and enters the workforce at age 22.

What approach examines cognitive development through the lens of brain processes?

Adults demonstrating excessive activities such as eating, talking, or chewing gum may be experiencing a(n) ________ fixation.

Who was a major proponent of the humanistic perspective and suggested that all people need positive regard that results from an underlying wish to be loved and respected?

In its study of growth, change, and stability, lifespan development takes a(n) ________ approach.

Which perspective contains the two major theories of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

________ theories assume that people are affected by the environmental stimuli to which they are exposed, and developmental change is

Which of the following suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior?

If a child develops into a person who integrates into society and maintains a good awareness of safety, Freud may say that person has a well-developed

Broad periods that are generally accepted by developmentalists, which includes a shared notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at a given time, is/are called

What is the learning approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person, called modeling?

Social-Cognitive Learning

Bob and Marion's high level of responsivity to their baby's persistent crying demonstrates a(n) ________ influence on the baby's development.

The psychodynamic perspective is closely associated with

In ________ development, each stage is

________ development involves the way in which individuals' interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.

Which form of the Behavioral Perspective learning styles have come to a predominant position in recent decades?

What are the biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group?

When the behavior of one or more study participants is measured as they age this is called?

Which form of the behavioral perspective learning styles is based on learning through imitation?

What are biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment?