Nursing aides assist with documenting clients’ intake and output. refers to the amount of fluids the client ingests, and refers to the amount of fluids that leave the body. Total intake should be nearly equal to total output every day, but some fluids, referred to as “,” cannot be measured, such as fluids lost through the respiratory system, sweat, and stool. Therefore, urine is the most commonly measured output. Other fluids, like wound drainage in a drainage device, are also measured. Show Fluids are typically documented as milliliters (mL). See the Chapter 5.7, “Documentation of Food and Fluids” subsection for review of converting ounces to mL and additional information on measuring intake and output. Fluid intake is routinely documented with meal intake. Some clients with certain health conditions also have their output measured and documented every shift. Intake and output are then calculated over a 24-hour period and monitored by the nurse. A client’s may be closely monitored by the nurse due to illness, a new medication, or a circulatory or urinary condition. See Figure 7.15[1] for an example of a 24-hour intake and output documentation record.  Recommended textbook solutions
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calculating intake because many students get confused on what to include, how to convert from ounces to milliliters, and how to interpret the calculation. Don’t forget to take the intake and output practice calculation quiz after reviewing the material below. So let’s break it down! What is intake? These are fluids taken IN the body. It can be via various routes like the mouth, a tube, or intravenous (IV). What do you include for the liquids that are consumed? This includes anything that is liquid at room temperature like: Many times test questions will give you the amount in ounces (oz), but we record intake and output in milliliters (mL). To convert oz to mL, simply multiply the amount of oz by 30. Example:
67 oz = 2010 mL Miscellaneous:
OutputWhat is output? These are fluids that LEAVE the body. It can be via various routes as well. What’s included:
Not included but needs to be considered is: insensible loss This is from the skin and respiratory system. It can’t be measured. According the Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, insensible loss is estimated to be 600 mL/day (“insensible water loss”, 2018). This varies depending on the patient’s activity level, temperature etc. Therefore, you want to take that in account when assessing if the patient is at risk for fluid volume deficient OR fluid volume overload. Interpreting Intake and Output
Example: Intake 4250 mL and Output 1210 mL…..patient is at risk for fluid volume overload. Intake and Output Quiz References:
When should you total the amounts recorded on the intake and output record?Nurses should check with the plan of care to find out if their clients' intake and output should be monitored. So, every time one of these clients receives or loses fluids in any way, the exact volume can be recorded. These volumes are then totaled at the end of every shift and then at the end of a 24-hour period.
Why is it important to record intake and output?Accurate measurement and documentation of I&Os are important because medications, intravenous and fluid administration, dietary decisions and tube feeding physician orders are based on I&O 24-hour totals. The numbers provide real-time data that guides daily care of the patient.
What measurement is used for intake and output?Measuring Intake and Output:
The unit used to measure I&O is the milliliter (mL). To measure fluid intake, nurses must convert household measures such as a glass, cup, or soup bowl to metric units. In household measures, 30 mL is equivalent to 1 ounce, 500 mL is about 1 pint, and 1000 mL is about 1 quart.
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When should you total the amounts recorded on the intake and output (i&o) record?
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