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Terms in this set (83)steerage the part of a ship providing accommodations for passengers with the cheapest tickets. nativism the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. immigrant a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there ethnic Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. Ellis Island US immigration station on an island in New York. Angel Island Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the West Coast Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition. tenement A low cost apartment building that often has poor standards of sanitation safety and comfort is designed to have as many families as possible political machine well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes party boss the person in control of a political machine graft Illegal use of political influence for personal gain William "Boss" Tweed Polical Machine Leader of NYC's Tammany Hall. Corrupt in spending tax dollars. Benefit voters for votes and politicians for graft/greed. individualism A belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence. Social Darwinism A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. philanthropy charity; a desire or effort to promote goodness settlement house A center in an underprivileged area that provides community services Americanization Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens evolution Change over time Gilded Age 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor Gospel of Wealth The belief that, as the guardians of society's wealth, the rich have a duty to serve society; promoted by Andrew Carnegie; Carnegie donated more than $350 million to libraries, school, peace initiatives, and the arts Social Gospel A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation. Jane Addams 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Mark Twain The writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910); used "realistic fiction". poll tax A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote
segregation Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences Jim Crow Laws Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights lynching putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob discrimination A negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership Ida B. Wells African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores Booker T. Washington Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery." W.E.B. Du Bois A Harvard trained professional who called for equal rights immediately for African Americans. He founded the NAACP that aimed to help African Americans improve. grandfather clause A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867. sharecropper A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. push factors may include conflict, drought, famine, or extreme religious activity. lack of job opportunities, discriminating cultures, political intolerance and persecution of people who question the status quo. Pull factors factors in the destination country that attract the individual or group to leave their home. Those factors are known as place utility, which is the desirability of a place that attracts people. Better economic opportunities, more jobs, and the promise of a better life often pull people into new locations. Jacob Riis social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He endorsed the implementation of "model tenements" in New York prejudice against catholics achieved prominence in the 1840s, was whipped into a frenzy of anti-Catholicism that led to mob violence in several cities. For example, the Philadelphia Nativist Riot and Bloody Monday. In the Orange Riots in New York City in 1871 and 1872, Catholics attacked Protestant Irish.[93] This fear was fed by claims that Catholics were destroying the culture of the United States. The nativist movement found expression in a national political movement called the Know-Nothing Party of the 1850s, which (unsuccessfully) ran former president Millard Fillmore as its presidential candidate in 1856. Louis Sullivan American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers"[2] and "father of modernism".[3] He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. High society Lived in the heart of the city, are able to choose the style of home is important, servants, social activities, owned large businesses and woman did not work. middle class the social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers and their families. working class 19th century Industrial societies developed the idea that there were only really two social classes: property-owning middle class and then the _____ _____. Before the factory system, poorer people thought of themselves in more diverse terms. urban poor struggled with poverty and radical discrimination in employment, housing, and education urban problems overcrowding, poor drinking water, poor sanitation, spread of disease; civil service reforms -Congress took action in the late 19th century to protect ethical politicians and create standards for political service; including, a civil service test for those seeking a job in government. tariffs Taxes on imports, raise the price of imported goods, which increases the demand and price for the same goods produced by domestic suppliers. Revenues from these are collected by the domestic government. Sherman anti-trust act First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions helping the urban poor 1) Social Gospel Movement charity to build gyms and social programs 2)Salvation Army 3) YMCA (gym, libraries, rooms) 4) Settlement House Movement 5) public education inflation A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. deflation A contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices cooperatives Groups of local farmers who work together to buy feed, fertilizers, and seeds, and to store grain. populism movement Political ideology supported by Southern and Western Democrats, women, "muckrakers", Social Gospel and college-educated, included socialists such as Debs. They wanted government ownership of railroads and control of money supply (bimetallism). election of 1896 Republican William McKinley defeated Democratic-Populist "Popocrat" William Jennings Bryan. 1st election in 24 years than Republicans won a majority of the popular vote. McKinley won promoting the gold standard, pluralism, and industrial growth. exodusters the African Americans migrating to the Great Plains state (ie: Kansas & Oklahoma) in 1879 to escape conditions in the South disenfranchisement to prevent a person or group from having the right to vote Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court case (1896) Legalized segregation under the Constitution with the concept of "separate but equal." Atlanta Compromise famous speech in GA in 1895, Washington outlined a controversial philosophy of race relations Thomas Eakins got a high degree of realism in his paintings (meaning portrait sitters got their flaws in pictures) Frank Sprague An engineer from Virginia designed the first street car system in 1887. Horsecar A railroad car pulled by horses Pendleton Act Legislation that began the federal merit system vaudeville a variety show with songs and comic acts etc. Reform Darwinism human progress best achieved through cooperation, not competition Cincinnati Red Stockings The first salaried baseball team formed in in 1869. William Jennings Bryan Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896 who advocated a policy of free silver The Grange "Patrons of Husbandry", to allow farmers to discuss farm problems and to socialize Wabash v Illinois Supreme court ruling that states could not regulate interstate commerce Workingman's Party established in 1876, was one of the first Marxist-influenced political parties in the United States. It is remembered as the forerunner of the Socialist Labor Party of America. Civil Rights Act of 1875 Called for full equality in all public facilities; ruled unconstitutional in 1883. Street Car Suburbs Suburbs with easy access to public transportation. Tammany Hall Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed. Salvation Army a charitable and religious organization to evangelize and to care for the poor and homeless Mckinley Tariff this impacted relations with the independent kingdom of hawaii by placing a high import tax on sugar
Horatio Alger Horatio Alger (1832-1899) was an American author who sold more than 20 million copies of novels that explored the rags-to-riches theme. Alger created characters who rose to fame and wealth through hard work and determination. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) * 21st president of the U.S. Scott Joplin (1868-1917) King of Ragtime Herbert Spencer English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903) James Garfield the 20th President of the US; he died two months after being shot and six months after his inauguration. Edward Bellamy In 1888, he wrote Looking Backward, 2000-1887, a description of a utopian society in the year 2000. Lillian Wald Founder of Henry Street Settlement House in NY and Founder of Public Health Nursing Dwight L. Moody Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old-time revivalism to the industrial city Lester Frank Ward Major philosopher of Reform Darwinism, who argued in his book Dynamic Sociology (1883) that people, unlike animals, had minds that could shape social evolution. Benjamin "Pap" Singleton Leader of the Exoduster movement; Encouraged thousands of African Americans to go to Kansas. Jim Crow Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government Students also viewedEnergy and photosynthesis beginnings16 terms Lori_Cohen Informational Text10 terms Colleen_Klein8 Writing Equations of Lines23 terms georgej16 Photosynthesis-30 terms Cassandra_SkinnerTeacher Sets found in the same folderThe American Vision modern times: Chapte…72 terms pierce_mhsTeacher The American Vision:Modern Times - Chapt…67 terms pierce_mhsTeacher Chapter 9--The American Vision48 terms pierce_mhsTeacher ch 12 The New Deal72 terms pierce_mhsTeacher Other sets by this creatorU.S. History First Semester Final Exam R…69 terms pierce_mhsTeacher AIR Test Review 2022475 terms pierce_mhsTeacher The American Vision Ch. 13 WWII Looms, T…157 terms pierce_mhsTeacher Updated Unit 5 - Cognitive Psychology -…93 terms pierce_mhsTeacher Verified questions
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algebra Match the terms with the definitions. a. absenteeism b. hygiene factors c. motivators d. productivity e. self-actualization f. self-esteem g. work rules __ Job elements that increase job satisfaction Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsWorld History and Geography Student1st EditionMcGraw-Hill 1,670 solutions Magruder's American Government, California Edition1st EditionWilliam A. McClenaghan 1,426 solutions
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Why was Lester Frank Ward dynamic sociology considered a challenge to William Graham?Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"? Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
What was the main idea at the center of what became known as reformed Darwinism?The main idea of reform Darwinism was that: cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress.
What movement dominated art and literature?Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.
Which of the following did nativists believe?Nativists today believe that true national identity requires a particular racial, ethnic, or religious background. As in the past, they frequently focus on immigration policy as a means of shaping national demographics in ways that reinforce this idealized national identity.
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What was the message of Lester Frank Ward in the book Dynamic Sociology quizlet?
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