What was one of the major differences between the Communists of the Soviet Union and the Communists of China quizlet?

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What were the main differences in the governmental and economic ideologies of the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War?
What were the major differences between the United States and the Soviet Union?
What is the most critical ideological difference between the Soviet Union and America?
Why was the difference between the Soviet Union Why did they call it the Cold War?

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Terms in this set (19)

• An elastic concept of enemy came to include not only surviving remnants of the old prerevolutionary elites but also, and more surprisingly, high-ranking members and longtime supporters of the Communist Party who had allegedly been corrupted by bourgeois ideas. Refracted through the lens of Marxist thinking, these people became class enemies who had betrayed the revolution and were engaged in a vast conspiracy, often linked to foreign imperialists, to subvert the socialist enterprise and restore capitalism.
• In an effort to combat capitalism and instill socialist values in society, communist regimes promoted the Communist Party's penetration of all levels of society in ways that some Western scholars
have called totalitarian. As part of this process, the state came to control almost the entire economy; ensured that the arts, education, and the media conformed to approved ways of thinking; and controlled mass organizations for women, workers, students, and various professional groups.

• While many aspects of their experiences were similar, one critical difference was that, in the Soviet Union, the growth of a privileged bureaucratic and technological elite was largely accepted, whereas in China under Mao Zedong there were recurrent attempts, including the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, to combat these tendencies and revive the revolutionary spirit.
• As part of this process, Mao pushed several reforms, including the promotion of small-scale rural industrialization over urban industrialization, of widespread technical education, and of an immediate transition to communism in the "people's communes."
• The experiences of the Soviet Union and China also diverged dramatically after the mid-1970s, when Soviet communism failed to reform and ultimately collapsed completely, while Chinese communism reformed more slowly and without completely collapsing.

• In 1917, Russia became the first country to embrace communism.
• Communism also came to China, Eastern Europe, and the northern part of Korea in the wake of World War II.
• First the northern portion of Vietnam and then, after 1975, the whole of Vietnam became communist.
• Communist parties took power in Laos and Cambodia in the mid-1970s.
• Cuba moved toward communism after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959.
• A shaky communist regime took power in Afghanistan in 1979, propped up briefly by the Soviet Union.
• After World War II, communist political parties also had influence in a number of nations, including Greece, France, and Italy.
• There was a small communist party in the United States that became the focus of an intense wave of fear and repression in the 1950s.
• Revolutionary communist movements threatened established governments in the Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia, Bolivia, Peru, and elsewhere.
• A number of African nations in the 1970s proclaimed themselves Marxist for a time and aligned with the Soviet Union in international affairs.

• In the Soviet Union, the communist government declared full legal and political equality for women.
• Marriage became a civil procedure among freely consenting adults.
• Divorce was legalized and made easier, as was abortion.
• Illegitimacy was abolished.
• Women no longer had to take their husbands' surnames.
• Pregnancy leave for employed women was mandated.
• Women were actively mobilized as workers in the country's drive to industrialization.
• The party set up a special organization called Zhenotdel (Women's Department), whose radical leaders, all women, pushed a decidedly feminist agenda in the 1920s by organizing conferences for women, training women to run day-care centers and medical clinics, publishing newspapers and magazines aimed at a female audience, providing literacy and prenatal classes, and encouraging Muslim women to take off their veils.
• In China, the Marriage Law of 1950 was a direct attack on patriarchal and Confucian traditions, decreeing free choice in marriage; relatively easy divorce; the end of concubinage and child marriage; permission for widows to remarry; and equal property rights for women.
• The Chinese Communist Party also launched a Women's Federation, a mass organization that enrolled millions of women, although its leadership was less radical than that of Zhenotdel.

Sets with similar terms

What were the main differences in the governmental and economic ideologies of the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War?

To better understand the ideological conflict of the Cold War it is first important to understand the main principles of capitalism, communism, democracy and dictatorship. During the Cold War, the United States was based upon capitalism and democracy while the Soviet Union was based upon communism and dictatorship.

What were the major differences between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Not only was the Soviet Union communist, they were totalitarian, meaning all the power was with the rulers. The United States was capitalist which meant that people could own land and businesses and compete for themselves.

What is the most critical ideological difference between the Soviet Union and America?

There was no private property, and the government determined what goods were produced, who produced them, and who received them. This fundamental difference between the ideologies of communism and capitalism was one of the core elements in the struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Why was the difference between the Soviet Union Why did they call it the Cold War?

As World War II was ending, the Cold War began. This was to be a long lasting and continuing confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasting from 1945 to 1989. It was called the Cold War because neither the Soviet Union nor the United States officially declared war on each other.