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Terms in this set (40)Free Riding Not voting is a type of _____ due to the collective benefits of elections and electing a preferred candidate. Voting Rights Act While the 14th and 15th amendments should have allowed for African American suffrage, it wasn't until the ________ that African American voting increased in states that practiced discrimination. Voting predictors Education, race, age, region, roots in the community Voter mobilization One of the major institutional reasons for the decline in voter turnout is a decline in __________________ by parties, candidates, and groups such as labor unions 26th Amendment (1971) This Amendment expanded suffrage to those 18 years or older. Battleground states/Swing states Presidential candidates spend the most money campaigning in this type of state. Single-Issue Voter This term describes a person who votes primarily on one issue. Agenda setter/agenda seeker This term describes a type of candidate that knows they are not going to win, but still decides to run for office. Candidate, Message (and a way to inform voters about both) Basic components of a campaign Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 This is the first act Congress passed in response to increases in campaign money. Australian ballot This is a ballot prepared and distributed by government officials that places the names of all candidates on a single list and is filled out by voters in private. Proportional representation This is an electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded to candidates or parties in proportion to the percentage of votes received. The spoils system This is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party. National convention During this event, the presidential and vice presidential candidate are nominated. This event was promoted as a more democratic alternative to the discredited congressional caucus, allowing for more popular participation in the nomination process. Party in government (elected officials), party as an organization (national party leaders), party in the electorate (party identification of voters) Name and describe the three realms in which political parties exist. Lobbying Defined as appeals from citizens and groups for favorable policies and decisions, is a primary tactic of interest groups. Grassroots lobbying This type of lobbying mobilizes members of interest groups to send messages to their senators and representatives that reiterate the group's demands. Business/corporate interest groups This type of interest group is the most common and often the most powerful. Insider tactics This strategy involves interest groups working directly with government officials and politicians through mutually beneficial exchanges. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission This landmark Supreme Court decision ruled that independent spending by corporations and by unions was speech protected by the First Amendment and thus could not be prohibited or limited. Soft Money money used by political parties for voter registration, public education, and voter mobilization. Until 2002, when Congress passed legislation outlawing it, the government had imposed no limits on contributions or expenditures for such purposes. Split Ticket Voting This is the act of voting for candidates from different political parties for different offices--for example, voting for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator. Selective Incentives These are private goods or benefits that induce rational actors to participate in a collective effort to provide a collective good. Framing This action provides a context that affects the criteria citizens use to evaluate candidates, campaigns, and political issues. Socialization This is the process by which citizens acquire their political beliefs and values. Access the ability of privileged outsiders, such as interest group representatives, to obtain a hearing from elected officials or bureaucrats, Candidate a person who is running for elected office, someone portrayed as sufficiently qualified and trustworthy for the job Coordinated Spending spending by the Democratic and Republican Party committees on behalf of individual congressional candidates Independent Spending campaign spending---by a person or organization for or against a political candidate---that is not controlled by or coordinated with any candidate's campaign Issue Voting voting for candidates based on their positions on specific issues, as opposed to their party or personal characteristics Message in a political campaign, the central thematic statement of why voters ought to prefer one candidate over others Mobilization also known as "getting out the vote." occurs when activists working for parties, candidates, or interest groups ask members of the electorate to vote Negative Campaigning pointed personal criticism of the other candidate, a normal but sometimes ugly component of the electoral process- and an effective one. Open Seat a seat in the state or district being contested by candidates, none of whom currently holds the office; congressional seats become "open" when the incumbent dies or does not run for reelection Party Identification an individual's enduring affective or instrumental attachment to one of the political parties; the most accurate single predictor of voting behavior Party Label a label carrying the party's "brand name", incorporating the policy positions and past performance voters attribute to it Performance Voting basing votes for a candidate or party on how successfully the candidate or party performed while in office (voting for the party in control when one thinks the government is performing well and voting for the "outs" when one thinks the party in charge is performing poorly) Single-Issue Voters people who base their votes on candidates' or parties' positions on one particular issue of public policy, regardless of the candidates' or parties' positions on other issues Suffrage the right to vote Caucus A closed meeting of a political or legislative group to choose candidates for office or to decide issues of policy Other sets by this creatorEMAT Exam: Place Value (Base-10)2 terms heatherlong15 EMAT Exam: Multiplication and Division4 terms heatherlong15 EMAT Exam: Addition and Subtraction8 terms heatherlong15 EMAT Exam: Counting8 terms heatherlong15 Verified questions
finance The following are 10 technical accounting terms introduced or emphasized in this chapter: $$ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Net present value } & \text { Capital budgeting } & \text { Incremental analysis } \\ \text { Discount rate } & \text { Payback period } & \text { Present value } \\ \text { Sunk cost } & \text { Salvage value } & \text { Return on average investment } \\ \text { Capital budget audit } & & \end{array} $$ Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer "None" if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. The length of time necessary to recover the entire cost of an investment from resulting annual net cash flows. Verified answer
sociology Identify whether the following are advantages (A) or disadvantages (D) of a bureaucracy: a. its use of appropriate criteria in hiring employees b. its use of rules to provide definite guidelines for behavior within the organization c. its ability to hide the true nature of authority relationships d. its encouragement of administrative competence in managers. Verified answer
algebra The measure of the middle ordinate of a yaw mark is 6 ft. The radius of the arc is 70 ft. What was the length of the chord used in this situation? Round the answer to the nearest tenth of a foot. Verified answer
question Would a bigger sample help us to assess manufacturing consistency? Suppose instead of the 50-candy bags of Exercise 26, we work with bags that contain $200$ M&M's each. Again we estimate the proportion of green candies found. a) Describe why it's suitable to use a Normal model to describe the distribution of the proportion of green M&M's they might expect. b) Use the 68-95-99.7 Rule to describe how this proportion might vary from bag to bag. c) How would this model change if the bags contained even more candies? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsbusiness test 14, 15, 16, 1745 terms delaneylake Imperialism, Taft, TR, Progressivism Test46 terms hreelick Classroom Management- Module 120 terms Celia_Newhart What does retrospective voting mean quizlet?retrospective voting. A form of election in which voters look back at the performance of a party in power and cast ballots on the basis of how well it did in office. Provisional ballot. A vote that is cast but not counted until determination is made that the voter is properly registered. franchise/suffrage.
What is the word for an election in which the person who gets the most votes wins?Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which a candidate, or candidates, who poll more than any other counterpart (that is, receive a plurality), are elected.
What does voter turnout mean quizlet?Voter-Turnout. the percentage of citizens taking part in the election process; the number of eligible voters who actually "turn out" on election day to cast their ballots.
What is the difference between prospective voting and retrospective voting quizlet?Retrospective voting is considered to be "easy" decision making, as opposed to the more complex decision making involved in prospective voting because one only has to ask, "How have things been going?" as a guide to whether to support the current party in power.
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What term describes someone who votes for a candidate based on their past performance quizlet?
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