What is an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does?

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Wundt’s approach which focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components ofconsciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities

A procedure used to study the structure of the mindin which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus

In early approach to psychology, led by William James, that concentrated on what themind does, the functions of mental activity, and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments

An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a “wholesense rather than on the individual elements of perception

The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological function

Psychodynamic perspective

The approach based on the view That behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control

The approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study

The approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world

The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally Strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior

The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choice that are made freely by the individual

The idea that people‘s behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willfulcontrol

Biological foundations

sensing perceiving learning and thinking

sources of change as Stability

physical and mental health

social networks

expanding frontier

Five major psychological perspective

Neuroscience

cognitive

behavioral

humanistic

psychodynamic

Psychology key issues and controversies

Nature vs nurture

conscious vs unconscious

observable behavior vs internal mental processes

free will vs determinism

individual differences vs universal principles

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TermDefinition
Psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
goals of psychology to try to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes.
historical roots of pyschology Ancient Greeks;The 19th century is considered the formal beginning of psychology and Wilhelm Wundt developed the first laboratory that focused on psychology
trephining the ancient “cure” for mental illness that involved chipping away at the skull to allow evil spirits to escape
Who formally established psychology in 1879? Wilhelm Wundt
Introspection procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they’re experiencing when exposed to the stimulus
Structuralism Wundt’s approach, focuses on uncovering the fundamental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities
Functionalism early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does-the functions of mental activity-and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments
Nature vs. nurture debate in psychology How people’s behavior is due to their genetically determined nature, and how much is due to nurture, the influences of the physical and social environment in which a child is raised
Neuroscience perspective approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions
Psychodynamic perspective approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control
Behvaioral perspective approach that suggests that observable, measureable behavior should be the focus of study
cognitive perspective approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world
Humanistic perspective approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their live and behavior
founder of the psychodynamic perspective Sigmund Freud
hypothesis A prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
theory Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest
operationalization of variables The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed
archival research research in which existing data such as census and college records, are examined to test a hypothesis
case study in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people
correlational research research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or “correlated”
naturalistic research research in which an investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior and doesn’t make a change in the situation
experimentation research the investigation of the relationship between two or more variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change another aspects of the situation
survey method research research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes
independent variable variable that’s manipulated by an experimenter
dependent varaible variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the experimenter’s manipulation of the independent variable
control group group participating in an experiment that receives no treatment
experimental group any group participating in an experiment that receives a treatment
steps in scientific method identify questions of interest,formulate explanation, carry out research, communicate the findings
purpose of random assignment of participants There is an equal chance that participant characteristics will be distributed across the various groups
Experimental bias Factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment
Ethical principles Protection of participants from physical and mental harm;The right of participants to privacy regarding their behavior;The assurance that participation is completely voluntary,The necessity of informing participants about the nature of procedures
Informed consent Document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve

What is an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment?

The Scientific Method (def.) an early approach to psych. that concentrated on what the mind does- the functions of mental activity- and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.

What is an early approach to psychology that concentrated?

functionalism. An early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does - the functions of mental activity - and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.

What was the first main approach to studying psychology?

Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854 in Leipzig, Germany when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them.

Which early psychological approach focused on why and how people think and feel?

Psychodynamic psychology is an approach to understanding human behaviour that focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories. Freud (Figure 1.6) developed his theories about behaviour through extensive analysis of the patients that he treated in his private clinical practice.