Presentation on theme: "Statistics (Def.): Statistics is the science which deals with the collection of data, organization of data or classification of data, presentation of data,"— Presentation transcript:1 Show
2 Statistics (Def.): Statistics is the science which deals with the collection of data, organization of data or classification of data, presentation of data, analysis of data, interpretation of data. The science of statistics is used in almost every walks of life. Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher is considered as Father of Modern Statistics Data : Quantitative figures are known as data. Data and statistics are not
same as used commonly. Statistics is about extracting meaning from data. Examples for data No. of farmers in a block. The rainfall over a period of time. Area under different crops in a state. Census data No. of employees in an organisation, etc.
3 Functions of statistics Statistics simplifies complexity, 4 Data The information collected through censuses and surveys or in a routine manner or other sources is called a raw data. When the raw data are grouped into groups or classes, they are known as grouped data. Collection of data Data can be collected by using sampling methods or experiments. There are two types of data Primary data Secondary
data. 5 Primary data The data which is collected by actual observation or
measurement or count by the investigator himself is called primary data . Methods of collection of primary data Primary data is collected in any one of the following methods Direct personal interviews. Indirect oral interviews Information from correspondents. Mailed questionnaire method. Schedules sent through enumerators.
6 Direct personal interviews
7 Indirect
oral interviews Under this method, the investigator contacts witnesses or neighbors or friends or some other third parties who are capable of supplying the necessary information. Merits For almost all the surveys of this kind, the informants like within a closed area. Hence, the time and the cost are less. For certain surveys, this is the only method available. Limitations The information obtained by this method is not very reliable. The informants and the person who conducts a survey easily
distort the truth. 8 Information from correspondents 9 Mailed Questionnaire
method 10 Schedules sent through enumerators 11 Secondary data The data which are compiled from the records of others is called
secondary data. The data collected by an individual or his agents is primary data for him and secondary data for all others. The secondary data are less expensive but it may not give all the necessary information. Secondary data can be compiled either from published sources or from unpublished sources. Characteristics of secondary data The secondary data should be reliable, adequate, suitable, accurate, complete and consistent. 12 Sources of published data 13 Variables Variability is a common characteristic in biological Sciences. A quantitative or qualitative characteristic that varies
from observation to observation in the same group is called a variable. Quantitative data The basis of classification is according to differences in quantity. In case of quantitative variables the observations are made in terms of kgs, Lt, cm etc. Example : weight of seeds, height of plants. Qualitative data When the observations are made with respect to quality is called qualitative data. Example: Crop varieties, Shape of seeds, soil type. The qualitative variables are termed as
attributes. 14 Classification of data
15 1. Geographical classification (or) Spatial Classification Some data can be classified area-wise, such as states, towns etc. Ex. : Data on area under crop in India can be classified as shown in table Region Area ( in hectares) Central 150000 West 200000 North 250000 East 230000 South 310000 2. Chronological
or Temporal or Historical Classification Some data can be classified on the basis of time and arranged chronologically or historically. Ex.: Data on Production of food grains in Sate/district/country can be classified as shown in table Year Prod(Tonnes)
16 Qualitative classification can be of two types as follows
17 Land holding ( hectare)
18 Primary Data Secondary Data 1. Original data Primary data are original because investigation himself collects
them. Secondary data are not original since investigator makes use of the other agencies. 2. Suitability If these data are collected accurately and systematically their suitability will be very positive. These might or might not suit the objectives of enquiry. 3. Time and labour These data involve large expenses in terms of money, time and manpower These data are relatively less costly. 4.
Precaution don’t need any great precaution while using these data. These should be used with great care and caution. What studies the collection analysis interpretation or explanation and presentation of data?The mathematical science that deals with the collection, analysis, and presentation of data is c) Statistics .
What is a branch of mathematics that deals with collection analysis interpretation and presentation of data?Statistics is the branch of mathematics that studies the collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.
What is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection analysis interpretation and presentation of numerical or quantitative data 1 point?Statistics- the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data. Dot Plot- a statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a fairly simple scale.
What is the science of the collection organization and interpretation of data?The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data in a meaningful manner is statistics.
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