Variations in vertical and horizontal alignment cannot be used to identify a typewriter.

With regard to the constitutionality of obtaining handwriting​ exemplars, the courts have ruled all of the following​ EXCEPT:A.Such action does not constitute unreasonable search and seizure of a person.B.It is not in violation of Fourth Amendment rights.C.Fifth Amendment privileges apply.D.None of the above

C.Fifth Amendment privileges apply.

Variations in vertical and horizontal alignment cannot be used to identify a typewriter.T/F

A TTI is a characteristic of a fax document.T/F

Infrared luminescence can reveal writing that has been erased.T/F

Which are important characteristics of a​ printer, photocopier, or fax​ machine?A.Type of toner or ink usedB.Type of paperC.Printing technologyD.All of the above

Which of the following statements is​ FALSE?A.Any object that contains handwritten or typewritten markings whose source or authenticity is in doubt is a questioned document.B.Once adulthood is​ reached, an​ individual's handwriting generally will not change with age.C.In the case of Gilbert v. California the court held that the taking of handwriting exemplars was not prohibited by the Fifth Amendment.D.An inconclusive finding by a document examiner may be due to an insufficient number of known writings available for comparison.

B.Once adulthood is​ reached, an​ individual's handwriting generally will not change with age.

The TTI is a characteristic used to​ distinguish:A.Fax machines.B.Computer printers.C.Photocopiers.D.All of the above

No two specimens of writing prepared by one person are ever identical in every detail.T/F

Indented writings are not readable under any typical examinations.T/F

The writing characteristics of a person may be altered by​ whether:A.The paper is ruled or unruled.B.​Pencil, ballpoint, or fountain pen is used.C.The posture or stance of the author varies between writings.D.All of the above

​Margins, spacing,​ crowding, insertions,​ alignment, spelling,​ punctuation, phraseology, and grammar cannot impart individual variations.T/F

The most common features associated with a paper examination are general​ appearance, color,​ weight, and watermarks.T/F

Fax machines print a header known as the​ ________ at the top of each fax​ page, which may become a very important point of comparison.A.HTTPB.TLCC.TTI.D.ELD

What is the process by which the image is stored in memory by scanning and converting by computer into an array of digital intensity values called picture​ elements?A.DigitizingB.PixelizationC.LuminescenceD.Adobe Photoshopping

When comparing sample writing to a suspect​ document, the age difference between the documents should be no more than six to twelve months.T/F

Inks on handwritten documents may be compared for their chemical composition by the technique​ of:A.Infrared spectrophotometry.B.Ultraviolet spectrophotometry.C.​Thin-layer chromatography.D.None of the above

C.​Thin-layer chromatography

Examination of toner typically involves microscopic analysis followed by identification of the inorganic and organic components.T/F

The ease with which a​ child's handwriting can be individualized is​ ________ the ease with which one can individualize an​ adult's handwriting.A.Greater thanB.Less thanC.The same as

A TTI cannot be used to distinguish between a real and a fraudulently prepared fax document.T/F

Some​ inks, when exposed to​ blue-green light, absorb​ ________ radiation and emit light.A.VisibleB.PolarizedC.InfraredD.Ultraviolet

​Angularity, slope, and speed are examples of individual variations. T/F

When dictating to a person in order to obtain samples of​ handwriting, one should​ NOT:A.Use paper similar to that of the questioned document.B.Use a pen similar to that of the questioned document.C.Allow the suspect to view the questioned document before dictating it.D.Dictate the contents of the text at least three times.

C.Allow the suspect to view the questioned document before dictating it.

writings are partially visible impressions appearing on a sheet of paper underneath the one on which the visible writing was done.A.QuestionedB.ObliteratedC.CharredD.Indented

Which is an example of an impact​ printer?A.​Ink-jetB.​Dot-matrixC.LaserD.All of the above

Infrared luminescence is used​ to:A.Reveal writing that has been erased.B.Detect if two different inks were used in the writing of a document.C.Prepare ink for​ thin-layer chromatography.D.Both A and B

Questioned documents​ include:A.Contracts and passports.B.Letters and checks.C.Petitions and lottery tickets.D.All of the above

The property exhibited by some dyes that emit infrared light when exposed to​ blue-green light is known​ as:A.Digitizing.B.Microspectrophotometry.C.Infrared luminescence.D.​Thin-layer chromatography.

When comparing sample writing to a suspect​ document, the age difference between the documents should be no more​ than:A.Two to three years..B.Five to seven years.C.Twelve to eighteen months.D.Six to twelve months.

If an investigator is to prepare standards from a suspect​ typewriter, which procedure is​ recommended?A.Prepare at least one copy of the text in full​ word-for-word order.B.Each character should be typed without the ribbon.C.Partial copies of the suspect text are to be typed in​ light, medium, and heavy touches.D.Examine the type impressions left on the ribbon.

A.Prepare at least one copy of the text in full​ word-for-word order.

Document examiners frequently uncover the original writing of words that have been crossed out with the aid​ of:A.Transmitted radiation.B.Side lighting.C.Infrared radiation..D.Color photography.

Overwriting or crossing out writing is known​ as:A.Erasure.B.Alteration.C.Obliteration..D.Indentation.

The possibility of recognizing known writing habits in samples produced when a writer is under the influence of drugs or alcohol is​ ________ the possibility of recognizing known writing habits produced when the writer of a sample is not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.A.Less than.B.The same asC.Greater than

Defects that are reproduced by a photocopier onto a copied document may originate from defects in all of the following photocopier parts​ EXCEPT:A.Glass plateB.Mechanical portionsC.Inner coverD.Feed tray

The ease with which one can find individual variations in a typewritten document is​ ________ the ease of finding such defects in documents produced by business and personal computers.A.The same asB.Less thanC.Greater than

In the case of​ ________, the Supreme Court held handwriting to be nontestimonial evidence not protected by Fifth Amendment privileges.A.Gilbert v. California.B.United States Secret Service v. MaraC.Carmichael v. Kumho Tire Co.D.United States v. Mara

Nonimpact printers include thermal and​ dot-matrix printers.T/F

A databank of ink dye patterns has been established by the U.S. Treasury Department​ using:A.TLC..B.NAA.C.HPLC.D.TTI.

The two general categories of printers are impact and nonimpact printers.T/F

When a suspect computer printer is not​ available, the examiner may need to analyze the​ document's ________ to identify the make and model of the machine.A.HandwritingB.Class characteristicsC.TTID.Individual characteristics

An adequate number of exemplars is critical for determining the outcome of a comparison. T/F

In dealing with fax​ machines, photocopiers, and computer​ printers, which class characteristics might be​ examined?A.Chemical composition of tonerB.Type of​ toner-to-paper fusing methodC.Type of paperD.All of the above