The scientific study of human development can be defined as the science that seeks to understand Show how and why people change, and how they do not change, from conception till death Central to the study of development is the _______-________,___________,which reconizes the sources of continuity, and discontinuity friom the beginning of life to the end The five developmental characteristics embodied within the life span perspective are that development is multidirectional Three inportant insights of this perspective are the concepts of _____ ____, which refers to that continual change that occurs within each person and each social group, the ____ _____, in which even a tiny change in one system can have a profound effect on the other systems of development; and the power of ____, in which even large changes seemingly have no effect. dynamic sysstems; buttefly effect;continuity A group of people born within a few years of each other is called a ______. These people tend to be affected by history in _____(the same way/differnet ways.) A widely shared idea that is built more on shared perceptions thatn an objective reality is a ______ _____. An inportant point about such ideas is that they ______.(often change/are very stable) over time social construction A contextual influence that is determined by a persons income, education, place of residence, and occupation is called a _____, which is often abbriviated ______. Although poverty is a useful signal for severe problems throughtout life, other variables, such as presence of _______ within a family, paly a crucial role in determining individual development. Another variable is _____ _____, which refers to the degree to which neighbors create a functioing, informal network of people who shoew concern for each other. socieconomic status The values, assumptions and customs as well as the physical objects that a group of people have adopted as a design for living constitute a _______. The impact of cultural variations in ___ ____ can be seen in the fact that children who_____(sleep alone/sleep with parents) are taught to be independent of their families; while those who _____(sleep alone/sleep with parents) are taught to depend on them for warmth and protection. A _____ is a kind of farming commune developed in _____, whose members share _____________ sleeping places, A collection of people who share certain attributes, such as ancestry,natural origin, religion, and language and, as a result, tend to have similar beliefs, values, and cultural experiences is called ___ _____. Biological traits used to differentiate people who ancestors come from different regions is the definition of ____. The study of human development can be divided into three domains:____,____, and ______. biosocial One of the most encouraging aspects of the lifespan perspective is that devolpment is characterized by ____, or the capability of change. (In person) Because his mother contracted the disease _______ during her pregnancy, David was born with a heart defect and cataracts over both eyes. Thus his immediate problems centered on on ____ problems. However, because he was born at aparticular time, he was already influenced by the larger _____ context. Particulary in the chuch community, the ____-_____ context benifited him. Davids continuing development of his skills is a testimony for ____. rubella In order the basic steps of scientific method are formulate a research question A specific, testable prediction that forms the basis of research project is called a ______ To repeat an experimental test procedure and obtain the same results is to ______ the test of the hypothesis. In designing research studies, scientists are concerned with four issues:_____, or whether a study measures what its purports to measure; ____, or whether its measurements are correct; _____, or whether the study applies to other populations and situations; and _____, or whether it solves real life problems. validicy When researchers observe and record, in a systematic and ubbiased manner, what research subjects do, they are using ___________. People may be observed in a ____ setting or in a ______ A chief limitation of observation is that it does not indicate the ____ of the behavior being observed. A number that indicates the dgree of relationship between two variables is a ____. To say that two variables are related in this way ______(does/soes not)necessarily inply that one caused the other. The method that allows a scientest to determine cause and effect is the ____. In this method, the researcher manipulates a(n)__________variable to determine its affect on a(n) variable. experiment In an experiment, t he subjects who recieve a particular treatment constitutes the _____; the subjects who do not recieve the treatment constitutes the ____ ______. experimental group To determine whether a difference between two groups occurred purely by coincidence, or chance, reseachers apply a mathematical test of statistical ______. Experiments are sometimes critizised for studing behavior in a situation that is _______. Another limitation is that participants in this research technique(except very young children) who know they are research subjects may attempt to _________. The most accurate and ethical way to conduct developmental research on children is the ____ ______. produce the results they believe the experimentor is looking for Ina(n) _____, scietest collect information from a large group of people by personal interview, written questionaire, or some other means. Potential problems with this research method are that the questions may be_____ and respondants may give answers they think the reseacher _____. An intensive study of one individual is called _____. An advantage of this method is that it provides a rich ____ description of development , rather than relying on only on ____ data. Another inportant use it that it provides a good____ for other research. case study Research that involves the comparison of people of differnt ages is called a ____ research design With cross-sectional research it is very difficult to ensure that the various groups differ only in their ____. In adition, every cross-sectional study will, to some degree refelct___ ____. Research that follows the same people over a relatively long period of time is called a _____ research design. Stae three deawbacks of this type of research design longitudinal The research method that combines the longitudinal and cross-sectioned methods is the ___ ___ research method The approach that emphasizes the influence of the systems that support the develping person is called the ___-____ approach. This approach was emphasized by _______. ecological systems According to this model the family, the peer group, and other aspects of the immediate social setting constitute the _______. System that link one microsystem to another constitute the _____. Community institutions such as schools and church make up the ______. Cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns and social systems make up the _______. The finals system in this model is the _____. which emphasizes the inportance of historical time on development Developmental researchers work from a set of moral principles that constitute their ___ ____ _____ Reseachers who study humans must obtain ______, which refers to written permission, ensure their subjects are not ____ and that they are allowed to stop at any time. code of ethics A research study that is a complilation of data from many other sources is called a ____-_____. The scientific study of human development is defined as the study of how and why people change or remain the same over time The research method that involves complilation of data from many other sources is the: Which of the following is not one of the three inportant aspects of social context discussed in the text Which of the following describes a neighborhood in which people pitch in to keep children safe, keep trash off the streets, and generaly show concern for one another? The ecologiacl systems approach to developmental psychology focuses on the d overall environmental development, this approach sees development as occuring within 5 interacting levels, or environments Reseachers who take life span perspective on development focus on: That fluctuaations in body weight are affected by gens, appetite, caregiving, culture, and food supply indicates that body weight b. is a dynamic system A hypothesis is b. prediction to be tested A developmentalist who is interested in studying the influences of a person's immediate environment on his or her behavior is focusing on which system? c microsystem Socioeconomic staus is determined by a combination of variables, including c. income, education, and occupation a disadvange of experiments is that: a. people may behave differntly in the artificial setting of a lab In an experiment testing the effects of group size on individual effort in a tug of war task, the number of people in each group is the b. independent variable Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between parents religious beliefs and their attitudes toward middle-school sex education? d. survey A kibbutz is most accurately described as a(n) a. farming commune who members share work, income, and child care ( b. group of people born in the same region, social class, and historical era describes cohort, c a kibbutz is a group of people not a ressearch method, d. idea that is built more on shared proception than on objective reality is social contruction) Developmentalist who carefully observe the behavior of school children during recess are using a research method known as c. scientific research ( a case study one subject is studied over a period of time, b. cross sectionsl and d cross sequietial two or more groups of subjects are studied and compared Scientist rarely repeat an experiment False just the opposite, scientist always try to replicate their or others people work (In person) The case study of David cleaarly demonstrates that for some children only nature (or heridetity) is inportant. False The case study of David shows that both nature and nurture are inportant in affecting outcome Observation usually indicates a clear relationship between cause and effect. false a disadvantage of observation is thast the variables are numerous and uncontrolled, and therefor cause and effect relationships are difficult to pinpoint Each social context influences developnent independently false each social context effects thje way a person develops, and each is affected by the other contexts Cohort differnces are an example of the impact of the social context on develpment Every trait of an individual can be altered at any point in the life span Socioeconomic status is rarely measured solely by family income false it government statistics it often is The influences between and within Bronfenbrenners systems are undirectional and independent false quite the reverse is true people of different ethnic groups can all share one culture longitudinal research is particulary useful in studing development over a long age span children who sleep with their parents are taught to be depend on their parents for protection and typically become bold and independent as adults false this is true of children who asleep alone An individuals personel sphere of development refers to his d. microsysytem, mesosysytem, exosytem, macrosysytem, and chronosystem Developmental psychologist explore three area of development c biosocail, cognitive, psychosocial The most inportant principle of the developmental research code of ethics is: a. never physically or psychologically harm those who are involved in research When developmentalist speak of the "butterfly effect" they are most directly referring to the idea that a. a small event may have a powerful impact on development According to the ecological-systems approach, the macrosystem would include c cultural values When developmentalist speak of " power of continuity" they are referring to the insight that: c. a large change may have no perceptible effect ( a a change in one devopmental system often effects many other things is insight of inmteracting systems and b. a small change can become hugh is butter fly effect Professor Cohen predicts that because " babyboomers" grew up in an era that promoted independence and assertitiveness, people in their 40's and 50's will respond differently to a polical survey than will people in their 20's and 30's. The professors prediction regarding political attitudes is an example of b hypothesis A cohort is defined as a group of people" c born within a few years of each other In a test of the effect of noise, groups of students performed a proofreading task in a noisy or quiet room. To what group were students in the noisey room assigned? a experimental the group is the one in which the variable or treatment in this case noise is present (b students in quiet room would be the comparison group, presumably all students in both groups were randomly assigned to their group, and the word dependent refers to a kind of variable in experiments;groups are either experimental or control.) In differentiating ethnicity and culture we note that c. people of many ethic groups can share one culture If developmentalist discovered that poor people are happier than wealthy people are, this would indicate that wealth and happiness are: b correlated The plasticity of development refers to the fact: d human characteristics can be molded into differnt forms and shapes In an experiment testing the effects of noise level on mood, mood is the c dependent variable a group of people born within a few years of each othr determined by a persons income, education, and occupation research study comparing people of differnt ages at the same time the historical conditions that affect develpment collection of people who share certain attributes, such as national origin shared values, attitudes, and customs maintained by people in specific setting local insstitutions such as schools the variable manipulated in an experiment connections between microsystems to repeat a sstudy and obtain the smae findings the variable measured in an experiment research study retesting one group of people at several differnt times Dr Ahmed is conducting research that takes into consideration the relationship between the individual and the environment. Evidently Dr Ahmed is using the a ecological sytem approach In order to study the effects of temperature on mood, Dr Sanchez had students fill out questionaires in a very warm or very cool room In this study, the independent variable consist of c room temperature is the variable being manipulated Jahmal is writing a paper on the role of the socail context in development. He would do well to consult writings of c Bronfenbrenner Summarizing her presentation on race and biology, Trisha notes that: b race is a biological construction defines by the genetic traits of a group of people Esteban believes that high doses of caffiene slow a persons reaction time. In order to test his belief, he has 5 friends each drink three 8 ounce cups of coffee and then measures their reaction time on a learning task. What is wrong with Estebans research stratigie c there is no comparison condition When reseachers find that the results of a study are statistically significant, this means c. It is unlikely they could have occured by chance When we say that the idea of old age as we know it is a "social construction" we are saying a. the ideal is built on shared perceptions of members of society Professor Jorgenson believes develoment is plastic. By this she means d every individual and every trait within wach individual can be altered at any oint in the life span Karens mother is puzzled by the numerous discrepancies between developmentmental psychology textbook she used in 1976 and her daughters contemperary text. Karen explains that the differnce are the results of b changing social conditions and cohert effects If height and body weight are correlated, which of the following is true b. knowing a person height one can predict her weight An example of longitudinal research would be and investigater compares the performance of b the same group of people at differnt ages on a test of memory For her developmental psycology research project, Lakia decide she wants to focus primarily on qualitative data. You would advise her to conduct d a case study Professor Johsnon warns her students to be skeptical of the results of a contoversal study because it has not been replicated. By this she means c the study has not yet been repeated by other reseachers in order to verify the original findings Dr Watson is comparing research findings for a group of 30 year olds with the findings of the same individuals at age 20, as well as with findings for groups who were 30 in 1990. Which research method is she using? To find out whether peoples attitudes regarding an issue vary with their age group, Karen distributes the same survey to groups of people in their 20,30, 40,50 and 60. Karen is evediently conducting What is the study of lifespan development?As described by the American Psychological Association, human lifespan development studies how humans learn, mature, and adapt from infancy to adulthood to elderly phases of life. Some areas of focus include physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality, and emotional growth.
What are the 3 process involved in life span development?Physical development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
What are the 5 characteristics of life span?Learning Outcomes
Baltes' lifespan perspective emphasizes that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary.
What are the 4 stages of lifespan development?Periods of Human Development
Or maybe four: infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
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