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Terms in this set (59)Motivation defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior. Extrinsic reward is the payoff, such as money, that a person receives from other for performing a task. Intrinsic reward is the satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment that a person receives from performing the particular task itself. Content perspectives are theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people. Needs are defined as a physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior. Hierarchy of needs theory which proposes that people are motivated by five levels of needs : physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological needs most basic of physical needs, in which one is concerned with having food, clothing, shelter, and comfort. Safety needs person is concerned with avoiding violence and threats, and looking for emotional security. Love needs love, friendship, and affection Esteem needs self-respect, status, reputation, recognition, and self-confidence. Self-actualization needs the highest level of need, self-fulfillment, the need develop one's fullest potential, to become the best one is capable of being. ERG theory assumes that three basic needs influence behavior: existence, relatedness, and growth. Existence needs are the desire for physiological and material well-being. Relatedness Needs are the desire to have meaningful relationships with people who are significant to us. Growth Needs are the desire to grow as human beings and to use our abilities to their fullest potential. Acquired needs theory states the three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power, are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace. Need for affiliation A need for close relationships. Example social approval. Two-factor Theory which proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors: work satisfaction from motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from hygiene factors. Hygiene Factors are factors associated with job dissatisfaction, such as salary, working conditions, interpersonal relationships, which all affect the job context in which people work. Motivating Factors are factors associated with job satisfaction, such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement, all of which affect the job content or the rewards of work performance. Process Perspectives are concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act. Equity Theory
focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared to others. Inputs what people give to an organization: time, effort, training, experience, intelligence, creativity, seniority, status. Outputs are the rewards that people receive from an organization: pay, benefits, praise, recognition, bonuses, promotions, status perquisites. Expectancy theory suggests that people are motivated by two things: how much they want something and how likely they think they are to get it. Expectancy is the belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance. Instrumentality is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired. Valence is value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward. Goal Setting Theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable. Job Design is the division of an organization's work among its employees and the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. Job simplification the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs. Job enlargement consists of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. Job enrichment consists of building into a job motivating factors as responsibility, achievement, recognition, stimulating work, and advancement. Job characteristics the employee's motivation, performance, and satisfaction. Task identity describes the extent to which a job requires a worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end. Task Significance describes the extent to which a job affects the lives of other people weather inside or outside the organization. Autonomy describes the extent to which a job allows an employee to make choices about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them. Feedback describes the extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job. Reinforcement theory which attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement is anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited. Positive Reinforcement
is the use of positive consequence in order to strengthen a particular behavior. Negative reinforcement is the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative. Extinction is the weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced. Punishment is the process of weakening behavior by presenting something negative or withdrawing something positive. Pay for performance bases on one's results Piece rate in which employees are paid according to how much output they produce. Sales commission in which sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales. Profit sharing is the distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits. Gain Sharing is the distribution of savings or 'gains' to groups of employees who reduced costs and increased measurable productivity. Stock options certain employees are given the right to buy stock at a future date for discounted price. Pay for knowledge ties employee pay to the number of job-relevant skills or academic degrees they earn. Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs. Clayton Alderfer ERG theory David McClelland acquired needs theory Frederick Herzberg Two-factor Theory J. Stacey Adams Equity Theory Victor Vroom expectancy theory Edwin Locke and Gary Latham Goal setting theory Edward L. Thorndike and B.F. Skinner reinforcement theory Students also viewedPrinciples of Management: Chapter 12 - Motivation43 terms Kharir Management Chapter 12 Quiz10 terms hlbarragan BCOM Exam 276 terms ggutierez21 Ch.11 & 12 quiz15 terms C0303888 Other sets by this creatorVenture Capital Test 260 terms austin_nelson27 Financial Statements Matching35 terms austin_nelson27 Study Guide51 terms austin_nelson27 ControlSystem24 terms austin_nelson27 Verified questionspsychology Which of the following most likely represents a prototype for the concept indicated in parentheses? a. A whale (mammal). b. An ostrich (bird). c. A beanbag chair (chair). d. An igloo (house). e. A golden retriever (dog). Verified answer
psychology Choose a person in your community whom you consider to be a leader. What qualities does this person have that make him or her a leader? How does the person demonstrate the characteristics of leadership? Verified answer psychology Even as newborns, we prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness. This can be seen by a newborn's preference for a. soft music. b. face-like images. c. low pitched sounds. d. soft colors. e. loud music. Verified answer
psychology ''On overage, 39 percent of the respondents' patients ore on drug therapy. Respondents who see children less than 13 years old said that about 22 percent of patients in that age group take psychotropic medications. Survey respondents report that 29 percent of their teenage patients-those 13 to 19 years old-are toking psychotropic medications. However, responding psychologists report that adult patients are more likely to be on drug therapy-46 percent of patients 10 to 59 years old and 43 percent of patients older than 60 years. Participating psychologists expect that these numbers will increase: 62 percent think that medication will play a greater role in treating mental health disorders over the next three to five years..." -from "Psychologists and Psychotropic Medication," Monitor on Psychology, May, 2006. What trends do psychologists see for the use of psychotropic drugs in the future? Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
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A company's compensation and benefits strategy is one of the most — if not the single most — important motivational factors for employees. Applying best practices to this strategy is key to an organization's success as an employer of choice.
What is the most important element of motivation for employees quizlet?Skill variety and task significance are the most important elements in deciding motivational potential. Access to information is a key factor in empowering employees. Goal commitment is higher when employees have trust-based relationships with managers.
Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzberg's tworecognition. Recognition is a motivational factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. All the other options are hygiene factors. Adding more hygiene factors to a job will not result in additional motivation.
Which of the following is a motivator factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?Advancement is a motivator in Herzberg's theory of motivation. Herzberg is a behavioural scientist. He developed a Two-factor motivational theory. It is also known as motivator-hygiene theory.
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Research shows that compensation is the most motivating factor for workers Quizlet
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