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Terms in this set (39)
An important goal of wastewater treatment is to decrease the environmental impact by ______ the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
reducing
Low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) indicates that
there is a small amount of degradable material present in the water and little oxygen is being consumed by microbes.
When it comes to water testing, it is not feasible to test for all of the pathogens, so ______ organisms are used.
indicator
Select the statement that best describes why we test for coliforms when determining the quality and safety of drinking water
When there are coliforms, other intestinal pathogens may also be present.
A bioremediation strategy called ______ enhances growth of local microbes in a contaminated site by providing additional nutrients.
biostimulation
Identify the bioremediation strategy, an example of which includes adding Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia to soil contaminated with the chemical 2,4,5-T in order to remove this chemical from the soil (has been shown successful in laboratory studies).
bioaugmentation
The causative agent in this case was
Vibrio vulnificus.
What was the portal of entry for V. vulnificus in this patient?
Cuts on the feet.
T/F: The patient's high fever and symptoms involving many parts of the body indicated that this was a localized infection.
FALSE
Which of the following statements is true regarding this case?
All of these statements are true.
Which of the following may have been responsible for temporarily elevating the levels of Vibrio vulnificus in the harbor?
Sewage pipe failure
T/F: Vibrio cholerae was not suspected in the patient because diarrhea was not a symptom.
TRUE
______ appears to be enhancing the growth of many oceanic microbes today, including Vibrio vulnificus and other pathogenic species.
Climate change
Place the steps used to determine BOD in a sample into the correct order.
phone
What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
The amount of oxygen required for the microbial decomposition of organic matter in a sample.
Which of the following is NOT used for secondary waste water treatment?
Oceans
Please identify the mismatched pair regarding waste water treatment.
Ammonia stripping - Removal of free gaseous ammonia from water.
Which of the following are critical in ensuring that a septic tank works properly?
They must drain adequately.
Drainage from the system should be distant from water supplies.
Sludge that remains in the septic tank must be pumped out from time to time.
Which of the following is NOT a method used to detect fecal coliforms in drinking water?
Gram stain
Select which of the following are characteristics of indicator species.
Obligate
aerobes
Bacilli
Staphylococci
Which would be more likely to cause illness and why—a water sample that tested positive for fecal coliforms or one that tested positive for E. coli O157:H7?
The sample that contained E. coli O157:H7, because this organism is a pathogen.
Which of the following are disadvantages of sanitary landfills for waste management?
There is some risk that pollutants may leak from a landfill into underground aquifiers.
The site where a landfill has been placed can never be used for construction or recreational activities.
Sanitary landfills attract insects and rodents and cause aesthetic and public health problems.
Why would adding soil and water facilitate composting?
To add a variety of microbes to the system, and moisture to support their growth.
What types of bacteria predominate in a compost pile?
Thermophiles
What is the chemical difference between the two herbicides?
2,4,5-T has a chloride atom that is not found in 2,4-D.
How much 2,4,5-T herbicide is degraded after 10 days?
0%
T/F: 2,4-D herbicide is completely degraded after three weeks.
FALSE
How many days are needed to completely degrade 2,4,5-T herbicide in the environment?
Need more data
Why do xenobiotics often persist in the environment?
Microorganisms are unlikely to have the enzymes to break them down.
Select the factors that can affect the success of bioremediation.
Microbes that thrive under laboratory conditions may not compete well in natural habitats.
Some pollutants are degraded only when specific substrates are made available to the microbes.
Lack of certain nutrients in the environment can slow bioremediation processes.
Consider the table, which shows biological magnification of DDT in an ecosystem. Assess the amounts of DDT and identify which animal is at the top of the food chain.
Animal C
A significant decrease in BOD during secondary treatment indicates
effective aerobic decomposition during treatment.
Advanced treatment is often designed to remove
nitrates and phosphates.
Which of the following is not a matching pair
Potable water—presence of pathogens
Which of the following is false?
Trickling filter systems are used for primary treatment.
Septic tanks should be placed
where the outflow cannot contaminate any water supply
Which of the following about coliform testing methods is true?
The media used in these tests check for the ability to ferment lactose.
Backyard composting is an excellent way to dispose of
garden debris.
Synthetic compounds are most likely to be biodegradable if they
are chemically similar to naturally occurring substances.
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