Presentation on theme: "Chapter 1 Nursing Today Nursing is both an art and a science."— Presentation transcript: 1 Chapter 1 Nursing Today Nursing is both an art and a science. 2 Historical
Perspective Highlights 3 Florence Nightingale First practicing
epidemiologist 4 Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century 5
The Twentieth Century Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge 1901: Army Nurse Corps established 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first professor of nursing at Columbia University 1908: Navy Nurse Corps established : Study of nursing education 1940s and 1950s: Associations emerged 1970: Emergency Room Nurses Organization A number of
events began to shape nursing education in the twentieth century. In 1901, the Army Nurse Corps was established, followed by the Navy Nurse Corps in 1908. Under the influence of Mary Adelaide Nutting, nursing education moved into U.S. universities in the early twentieth century. In 1906, Nutting became the first professor of nursing at Columbia University Teachers College. Another important development in nursing history occurred when the Rockefeller
Foundation approached Nutting, along with Lillian Wald and Annie Goodrich, to study nursing education. Their study, conducted in 1920 and published in 1923, concluded that nursing education needed financial support and should be centered in university schools of nursing. In the 1920s, nursing education continued to develop as specialty areas of nursing began to emerge. However, organizations supporting these areas would not develop until the 1940s and 1950s. These organizations
include the Association of Operating Room Nurses, The American Association of Critical Care Nurses, and the Oncology Nursing Society. In 1970, the Emergency Room Nurses Organization was formed, which changed its name to Emergency Nurses Association in 1995. 6 The Twenty-First Century
7 Influences on Nursing Changes in society lead to changes in nursing: 8 Nursing as a Profession 9 Scope and Standards of Practice
10 Standards of Practice Nursing standards provide the guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care. Six standards of practice:
Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation These Standards of Practice are also referred to as nursing process, and are discussed further in Chapters 16 through 20. [Discuss each.] [Refer students to Box 1-1 for more info (p. 4 of the text).] These Standards of Care, the nursing process, will guide the care you render to your patients in all health
care facilities. Implementation includes coordination of care, health teaching and health promotion, consultation, and prescriptive authority and treatment. 11 Standards of Professional Performance 12 Code of Ethics A code of ethics is the philosophical ideals
of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care. It is important for you to incorporate your own values and ethics into your practice. Ask yourself: How do your ethics, values, and practice compare with established standards? The last component of what makes nursing a profession is our code of ethics. It will be important to incorporate the ANA code of ethics, as well as your personal values and ethics, into your nursing
practice. [Advise students that this topic is discussed further in Chapter 22, Ethics and Values.] 13 Quick Quiz! 1. Nursing is defined as a profession because nurses A. Perform specific skills. B. Practice autonomy. C. Utilize knowledge from the medical discipline. D. Charge a fee for services rendered. Answer:
B 14 Nursing Education Professional registered nurse education
15 Case Study Ming graduated with an associate’s degree in nursing last year and currently works in a long-term care facility. Although Ming enjoys his work and has been promoted to shift supervisor on his unit, he finds that he’d like to pursue a nursing career that offers a regular schedule and more autonomy than he currently experiences at the
long-term care facility. Ming considers returning to school for an advanced degree. [Ask the class: What are some options open to Ming?] Ming’s research indicates that accelerated RN to MSN programs are available, where he may obtain a master’s degree. 16 Nursing Practice Nurses practice in a variety of settings. Nurses:
17 Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Acts Licensure and certification 18 Professional Responsibilities
19 Autonomy and Accountability
20 Career Development Nursing provides an opportunity for you to commit to lifelong learning and career development. {Fig 1-2 here}
Ask students to discuss career opportunities available to them. Some answers may include: •Staff nurse in med-surg, OR, PACU, ED, Short Stay unit, ICU, CCU, TCU, OB, PEDS, or L&D, or in an outpatient setting. •Advanced practice nurse: Requires additional education and experience. APNs can be nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, or nurse midwives. •Nurse educator: Requires additional
education and experience. •Nurse administrator: Requires additional education and experience. •Nurse researcher [Photo is on p. 8 of the text.]
21 Case Study (cont’d) Ming is particularly drawn to the idea of becoming an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN).
Ming’s career options for becoming an APRN include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. Physician assistant (PA) B. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) C. Certified nurse midwife (CNM) D. Certified RN anesthetist (CRNA) [Discuss areas of specialization for the APRN. Answers: B, C, D] Rationale: The four core roles for APRNs include clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse midwife
(CNM), certified RN anesthetist (CRNA), and certified nurse practitioner (CNP). Physician assistant (PA) is not a nursing role. 22 Professional Nursing Organizations 23 Quick Quiz! 2. The NLN and the ANA are professional organizations that deal with A. Nursing issues of concern.
B. Political and professional issues affecting health care. C. Financial issues affecting health care. D. All of the above issues. Answer: D 24
Case Study (cont’d) If Ming decides to pursue a career as an APRN, which patient populations may he serve? (Select all that apply.) A. Adult-gerontology B. Prison inmates C. Neonatology D. Psychiatric mental health Answers: A, C, D Rationale: APRNs serve six patient populations: adult-gerontology, pediatrics, neonatology, women’s health/gender related, family, and psychiatric
mental health. Although APRNs may care for prison inmates, this group is not a separate patient population, but rather falls into the other six categories based on age, gender, and medical condition. 25 Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
(QSEN)
26 Case Study (cont’d) If Ming decides to choose a career as a critical care CNS, then his specialty is
identified by which means? A. Population B. Setting C. Disease specialty D. Type of care E. Type of problem Answer: B Rationale: The CNS specialty may be identified by a population (e.g., geriatrics), a setting (e.g., critical care), a disease specialty (e.g., diabetes), a type of care (e.g., rehabilitation), or a type of problem (e.g., pain).
27 Additional Nursing Trends |