 Show Chapter 5 – Learning Quiz – 3/18 Section 1: Types of Learning Learning – a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experiences Behaviorism – a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing, and hoping oPavlov, skinner - believe we are born w a blank slate oEnvironment is crucial to learning oReward/punishment oAssociationism oPavlov – first person to record behavior (pavlovian psychology) Dogs – droplets of saliva As lunch bell rang and lab technicians were getting ready for lunch – dogs were still attached to apparatus for measurement When dogs had food at same time – salivation higher 10 mins before bell rang Salivation – involuntary response When dog got bell and steak repeatedly – dog was salivating to the bell Bell w no steak – dog salivating to bell without meat Salivation to meat – unconditioned response Salivation to bell – Acquisition trials – how we acquire learning - pairing the meat with the bell Stimuli – bell, meat Associate learning – learning that occurs when an organism makes a connection, or an association between two events Conditioning – the process of learning these associations oClassical conditioning – organisms learn the association between two stimuli Organisms learn to anticipate events oOperant conditioning – organisms earn the association between a behavior and a consequence, such as a reward Organisms increase behaviors that are followed by rewards and to decrease behaviors that are followed by punishment Observational learning – learning that occurs through observing and imitating another’s behavior Acquisition trials – how we acquire learning - pair meat w the bell
What is a biological predisposition to learn particular associations?Biological preparedness is the idea that organisms are biologically predisposed to quickly learning associations between stimuli, responses, and reinforcers (Seligman, 1971). This quick learning can be explained by an organism's fit with genetic traits that evolved to increase the species's chances of survival.
How does biological predisposition affect learning?Biological constraints predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive. Training that attempts to override these tendencies will probably not endure because the animals will revert to their biologically predisposed patterns.
What is an example of an unconditioned response?In classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. 1 For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response.
What's the unconditioned stimulus?An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov's experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus. The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment.
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Is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.
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