In which age group will the average human peak in their physical and athletic abilities Quizlet

Athletic performance obviously decreases as people get older and their bodies wear down physically, but new data compiled by French researchers sheds new light on exactly when these declines might start showing up, at least in some sporting disciplines.

The careers of more than 1,150 swimmers and track-and-field athletes, as well as the accomplishments of nearly a hundred chess grandmasters, were scrutinized based on the event they were participating in, as well as their age and how old they were when they established any world records. In all, more than 11,200 performances among these athletes made it into the data set, and the results confirm that there reaches an age – a physiological tipping point, if you will – when athletes start to experience an irreversible downturn in their abilities.

Generally speaking, athletes start to see physical declines at age 26, give or take. (This would seem in line with the long-standing notion in baseball that players tend to hit their peak anywhere from ages 27 to 30.) For swimmers, the news is more sobering, as the mean peak age is 21. For chess grandmasters, participating in an activity that relies more than mental acuity and sharpness rather than brute, acquired physicality, the peak age is closer to 31.4.

For setting world records in a given athletic discipline, the mean age is 26.1, so all you sports-minded thirty-somethings hoping to still see your name published in the Guinness Book may have already missed your mark.

Of course, if Olympic champion Dara Torres taught us anything back at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, it's that age is sometimes just a number.

Photo: lokner/Flickr

Recommended textbook solutions

Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding

2,512 solutions

The Human Body in Health and Disease

7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton

1,505 solutions

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins

382 solutions

Health: The Basics

12th EditionRebecca J. Donatelle

319 solutions

Recommended textbook solutions

The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric

2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses

661 solutions

Technical Writing for Success

3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson

468 solutions

Technical Writing for Success

3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson

468 solutions

Technical Writing for Success

3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson

468 solutions

According to guidelines provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, people can achieve good nutrition by eating healthy foods
Low in fat, including vegetables, fruits, whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products
Whole-grain foods and cereal products, vegetables (including dried beans and peas), and fruits
Milk and other sources of calcium
Reduced salt intake

Weight control is a difficult, and often losing, battle for many young adults.
Most people who diet ultimately regain the weight they have lost, and they become involved in a see-saw cycle of weight gain and loss.
Some obesity experts now argue that the rate of dieting failure is so great that people may want to avoid dieting altogether.
If people eat the foods they really want in moderation, they may be able to avoid the binge eating that often occurs when diets fail.
Even though obese people may never reach their desired weight, they may, according to this reasoning, ultimately control their weight more effectively.
Third of adults are obese, a percentage that has nearly tripled since the 1960s
As age increases, more and more people are classified as obese
Obesity is particularly prevalent in the United States. The world average weight for adults is 137 pounds; in the United States, the average is 180

Seek control over the situation producing the stress. Putting yourself in charge of a situation that is producing stress can take you a long way toward coping with it. For example, if you are feeling stress about an upcoming test, do something about it—such as starting to study.
Redefine "threat" as "challenge." Changing the definition of a situation can make it seem less threatening. "Look for the silver lining" is not bad advice. For example, if you're fired, look at it as an opportunity to get a new, and potentially better, job.
Find social support. Almost any difficulty can be faced more easily with the help of others. Friends, family members, and even telephone hot lines staffed by trained counselors can provide significant support. (For help in identifying appropriate hot lines, the U.S. Public Health Service maintains a "master" toll-free number that can provide phone numbers and addresses of many national groups. Call 800-336-4794.)
Use relaxation techniques. Reducing the physiological arousal brought about by stress can be a particularly effective way of coping with stress. A variety of techniques that produce relaxation, such as transcendental meditation, Zen and yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, and even hypnosis, have been shown to be effective in reducing stress.

African Americans don't do well in academic pursuits.
Women lack ability in math and science.
So say erroneous, damaging, and yet persistent stereotypes about African Americans and women.
And in the real world these stereotypes play out in vicious ways.
When African Americans start elementary school, their standardized test scores are only slightly lower than those of Caucasian students, and yet a 2-year gap emerges by the sixth grade.
Even though more African American high school graduates are enrolling in college, the increase has not been as large as for other groups.
Even though boys and girls perform virtually identically on standardized math tests in elementary school and middle school, this changes when they reach high school. At that level, and even more so in college, men tend to do better in math than women.
In fact, when women take college math, science, and engineering courses, they are more likely to do poorly than men who enter college with the same level of preparation and identical SAT scores.
Psychologist Claude Steele found that the reason both women and African Americans perform less well in college is academic disidentification - a lack of personal identification with an academic domain.
More understanding of this effect is needed!
May be connected to high school drop out rates as well!

Research findings suggest that gay relationships are quite similar to relationships between heterosexuals

Most gays and lesbians seek loving, long-term, and meaningful relationships that differ little qualitatively from those desired by heterosexuals
Gay men
Describe successful relationships in ways similar to heterosexual couple descriptions: needs of couple before individual needs; less conflict, more positive feelings toward partner
Lesbian women: show high levels of attachment, caring, intimacy, affection, and respect for partner
Age preferences expressed in marriage gradient for heterosexuals also extend to partner preferences for homosexual men
Lesbians' age preferences fall somewhere between those of heterosexual women and heterosexual men
There are virtually no scientific data regarding gay and lesbian marriage, which became a major social issue when the first legal homosexual marriages were conducted in the United States in 2004. It is clear that the question produces strong reactions, but more, it turns out, among older adults than younger ones. Although only 18 percent of those older than 65 support the legalization of gay marriage, a clear majority—61 percent—of people younger than 30 support the practice.

Height:
Reach their maximum height during their 20s and remain relatively close to that height until around age 55.
Begin a "settling" process in which the bones attached to the spinal column become less dense. Although the loss of height is very slow, ultimately women average a 2-inch decline and men a 1-inch decline.
Women are more prone to a decline in height because they are at greater risk of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, is often brought about by a lack of calcium in diet and lack of regular exercise.
Weight:
Amount of body fat tends to grow in average person.
People who maintain exercise program tend to avoid obesity, as do individuals living in cultures where the typical life is more active and less sedentary.
Strength:
Strength gradually decreases, particularly in the back and leg muscles.
By 60, people have lost, on average, about 10 percent of their maximum strength.

Stress continues to have a significant impact on health during middle adulthood, as it did in young adulthood, although the nature of what is stressful may have changed.
Psychoneuroimmunologists, who study the relationship between the brain, immune system, and psychological factors, stress produces three main consequences.
Direct physiological effects- high BP, Decreases immune system, increased hormones, and psychophysiological conditions
Harmful behavirors- increased use of nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs, decreased nutrition, sleep, and increased drug use.

Mnemonics (pronounced "nee-MON-iks") are formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered.
Get organized. For people who have trouble keeping track of where they left their keys or remembering appointments, the simplest approach is for them to become more organized. Using an appointment book, hanging one's keys on a hook, or using Post-It notes can help jog one's memory.
Pay attention. You can improve your recall by initially paying attention when you are exposed to new information, and by purposefully thinking that you wish to recall it in the future. If you are particularly concerned about remembering something, such as where you parked your car, pay particular attention at the moment you park the car, and remind yourself that you really want to remember.
Use the encoding specificity phenomenon. According to the encoding specificity phenomenon, people are most likely to recall information in environments that are similar to those in which they initially learned ("encoded") it (Tulving & Thompson, 1973). For instance, people are best able to recall information on a test if the test is held in the room in which they studied.
Visualize. Making mental images of ideas can help you recall them later. For example, if you want to remember that global warming may lead to rising oceans, think of yourself on a beach on a hot day, with the waves coming closer and closer to where you've set out your beach blanket.
Rehearse. In the realm of memory, practice makes perfect — or if not perfect, at least better. Adults of all ages can improve their memories if they expend more effort in rehearsing what they want to remember. By practicing what they wish to recall, people can substantially improve their recall of the material.

Middle age: In some cultures it doesn't exist
Model of aging of Oriyan women
High caste Hindu women
Life course based on nature of one's social responsibility, family management issues, and moral sense at given time not on basis of chronological age
Domestic work is highly respected and valued
The model of aging of the Oriyan women is based on two phases of life: life in her father's house (bapa gharo), followed by life in her husband's mother's house (sasu gharo). These two segments make sense in the context of Oriyan family life, which consists of multigenerational households in which marriages are arranged. After they are married, husbands remain with their parents and wives are expected to move into the husband's parents' household. At the time of marriage, a wife is seen as having changed social status from a child (someone's daughter) to a sexually active female.
Chronological age, per se, does not mark significant boundaries in life for Oriyan women, nor do physical changes, such as the onset of menstruation nor its cessation at menopause. Instead, it is the change from daughter to daughter-in-law which brings about a significant alteration in social responsibility.

Teach both wives and husbands a basic premise: Physical violence is never, under any circumstances, an acceptable means of resolving disagreements.
Call the police. It is against the law to assault another person, including a spouse. Although it may be difficult to involve law enforcement officers, this is a realistic way of dealing with domestic abuse. Judges can also issue restraining orders requiring abusive husbands to stay away from their wives.
Understand that the remorse shown by a spouse, no matter how heartfelt, may have no bearing on the possibility of future violence. Even if a husband shows loving regret after a battering session and vows that he will never be violent again, such a promise is no guarantee against future abuse.
If you are the victim of abuse, seek a safe haven. Many communities have shelters for the victims of domestic violence that can house women and their children. Because addresses of shelters are kept confidential, an abusive spouse will not be able to find you. Telephone numbers are listed in the yellow or blue pages of phone books, and local police should also have the numbers.
If you feel in danger from an abusive partner, seek a restraining order from a judge in court. Under a restraining order a spouse is forbidden to come near you, under penalty of law.
Call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 for immediate advice.

Causes economic and psychological consequences
May feel anxious, depressed, and irritable
Self-confidence and concentration may plummet
Sometimes depression and/or suicide
For many workers, unemployment is a hard reality of life, and the implications of not being able to find work are as much psychological as they are economic.
For those who have been fired, laid-off by corporate downsizing, or forced out of jobs by technological advances, being out of work can be psychologically and even physically devastating.
Every time the unemployment rate goes up 1 percent, there is a 4 percent rise in suicide, and admissions to psychiatric facilities go up by some 4 percent for men and 2 percent for women.
Employers may discriminate because of age and not hire older applicants
Older workers have less absenteeism, hold their jobs longer, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn new skills
Middle-aged adults who lose their jobs tend to stay unemployed longer than younger workers, and have fewer opportunities for gratifying work as they age.
Employers may discriminate against older job applicants and make it more difficult to obtain new employment.
Such discrimination is not only illegal, but is based on misguided assumptions: Research finds that older workers show less absenteeism than younger ones, hold their jobs longer, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn new skills.

In what age group will the average human peak in their physical and athletic abilities?

Which component of performance will typically peak latest in life?

At what age does muscle tone and strength begin to show signs of decline?

Which of the following demographics has the highest rate of alcohol use?