In what way is new technologies beneficial as we work to mitigate climate change quizlet?

1a. "invisible causes" - we tend to be less responsive to what we can't sense (see, hear, taste, smell, touch -- ex with black balloons for CO2)
1b. climate change is a "creeping problem" - incremental changes result in large problem, we act on drastic change
1c. more: w/o understanding, indivs left with overwhelming, frightening images of potentially disastrous impacts, no clear sense of how to avert this potentially dark future, and therefore no way to direct urgency toward remedial action

2. Think about messenger, receiver, channel of communication

In this model, usability depends on three interconnected factors: fit,
interplay and interaction.

Strategies to improve usability:
-Create linkages between actors
(support knowledge creation and technological innovation)
-Alternatively, identifying the paths of information flow and institutional elements through which knowledge production, innovation and use occurs, and developing cross-chain interactions between them, creates synergies amongst old and new knowledge.
-relating new information to ensembles of relevant past experience and statistical constructs

Value-adding.
-Adding value to available information to better meet users' needs can positively influence usability.
(In this case, producers, through a process of selection and analysis)
-convert data to information that can inform and educate users (that is, informed knowledge).
(synthesis and evaluation transform informed knowledge to decision-oriented (that is, productive) knowledge)

Retailing, wholesaling and customization.
-In a knowledge producer-user context, retailing and wholesaling refers to supplying a subset of the original climate information products ( to groups of users with similar information requirements in a manner that is easily taken up by the end user.
--retailing serves users with individualized decision-making processes at a more localized scale (for example, farmers and water managers)
--wholesaling serves users a broader scale who themselves influence other potential information users

Customization

Help identify concrete actions

Creator: Richard Alley
appeals to wide crowd through saying past experiences of UN climate change panel, is a conservative, goes to church on sundays, family and job security, and worked at oil company

Sources
geologist (professor too) and naval oceanographer (they are very scholarly, scientific, and authoritative)

Message
climate change is real, proof that humans are the reason
easy to understand for those without prior knowledge
there is enough renewable energy to power the word
shared climate change posing a national security threat (may work in beginning but there are limitations)

Titley spoke about the uncertainty of climate change, the challenges it may bring, and why sea level rise poses a huge challenge to our nation's infrastructure

middle class audience; those who don't know a lot about climate change
some good applications of what you learned in class - do your best to link explicitly to something you learned in class - e.g. sources are important in ensuring successful communication, professor selected to be main source was scientist and also indicated he had worked in industry and was a republican - tried in this way to ensure credibility and trustworthiness

Main Question
How do we expand knowledge about the Office of Campus Sustainability's Zero-Waste Program and the use of compostable materials at zero-waste events?
Main recommendations
For advertising:
Make your advertisements creative: use humor, wit, extravagance, or engagement to grab people's attention.
Specialize posters and advertisements to their target audience (such as changing the message depending on location).
Put advertisements on buses.
For communicating:
Use email for communication with students, staff, and faculty.
Use posters for communication with students.
Use social media, specifically Facebook, for students. Create an Office of Campus Sustainability Facebook page with details about the Zero Waste Program, and frequently post updates to keep students engaged as well as occasionally post in student groups to raise awareness.
At the event:
Employ a modeling group and informational signs at zero waste events. Informational signs should include pictures and keywords of what should be put into recycle bins versus compost versus trash.
Place bins strategically next to trash cans, exits, and bathrooms, where people commonly toss their leftover containers and food, to increase composting at zero waste events
Social Science Research
Mainly communications
For example: Ramziye Terkan's 2014 study found that creative ads were a good way of reaching out to college students.

Main Question: How can we increase student participation, engagement and awareness in the SLE program?

Recommendations:
Expand the SLE program to connect with the greater Ann Arbor community.
This can bring diverse groups together, which has a few benefits. One, diversity in the program is always welcome and can make the program seem much more welcoming to various people. Two, groups coming together can be very beneficial for the cause, as proven by Weber and Soderstrom. In terms of psychology, this point is also backed up because when individuals and groups work together towards a common cause, there is a behavior change and increase in motivation to succeed.
Give opportunities for students to work in teams towards small sustainability goals in the community.
Giving students the opportunities to work in groups can promote student self-efficacy because students can see how their individual contributions affect the success of the group. In terms of sociology, these groups can develop social norms of high investment and passion for saving the environment, which can further influence students to adhere to these norms - according to Jackson, individuals are highly influenced by social norms.
Offer leadership opportunities for students and show that SLE can provide professional networking opportunities as well as a learning experience.
According to Binder, students are often overwhelmed with the sheer multitude of options of extracurriculars and clubs when they get to university, and Witt says that students are more likely to join organizations with professional opportunities because they offer long term value. So by offering professional opportunities and leadership experience in the SLE, students are more likely to join and participate.

Main Question:
"How can we encourage recycling, composting, and other environmentally conscious behaviors to endure in the daily lives of University of Michigan football fans?"

Recommendations and Research

Educating fans at trash receptacles - Communication:
- Educating the fans about what materials can and can't be recycled, as well as where the
bins are located are keys for success. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
- Cal Athletics has reached its goal of zero waste and they believe the fast talking volun
teers have consistently played a large role in fan participation (Clark).

Messages on products - Psychology
- According to the schema-congruity theory, information that is interpreted as schema
congruent, or in line with prior beliefs, has been proven to offer feelings of familiarity
and comfortability (Bhaduri et al.)
- The US Tennis Association said they heavily marketed the goal by printing the informa
tion and instructions about the initiative in the program as well as why the fans should
participate and help reach the goal. (Clark)

Video Messages about Recycling - Psychology
- A lot of people don't think about recycling very much, but a PSA would bring it to people's minds more, and thus cause them to recycle more as well (Chase et al., 2009).

Competitions with other universities - Psychology
-Competition encourages people to recycle more than other schools rather than average out to the norm (Dupré Et al., 2016)

Distributing stickers - Psychology
- If a student puts a sticker on their laptop, it will serve as a commitment and encourage enduring behavior (Mckenzie-Mohr et. al 2012)

Increase Composting Opportunities - Psychology
-Research has found that enabling repetitive actions should replace communication when promoting pro environmental behaviors (Thørgenson)

Campus In-Vessel Composting Facility - Economics
- An in-vessel facility is an efficient method of composting organic garden, kitchen, and food waste (An)
- Ohio University has already proven to use an in-vessel composting facility successfully on campus ("Ohio University," 2017).
-Although the capital costs of an in-vessel facility are high, the compost produced can provide long-term economic benefits (Keeney).
-Detroit Dirt collects food scraps from kitchens across Detroit and produces compost to sell to organizations that require compost for operations ("DETROIT DIRT," 2015)

Main Question
What benefits does natural light provide for students, faculty and staff?

Recommendations / benefits and Research
Well being benefits - Psychology
-Exposure to natural light leads to increased moods and higher amounts of positivity (Gray, T., & Birrell, C.).
-Productivity and overall behavior is positively impacted by increased natural light (Marc Zitelman et al).

Education Benefits - Education
-Students exposed to natural light show faster rates of improvement in both reading and math (Heschong 2002).:
-Students who work in environments with natural lighting show overall higher moods while studying (Gou et al. 2015).

Financial benefits - Economics
-Energy related costs are significantly decreased when less energy is used and natural light usage is increased (Li, D. H. W., & Lam, T. N. T. (2008).
-Overall energy use can be significantly reduced by implementing more natural lighting, leading to lower costs and a decrease in energy consumption (Li, D. H. W., Mak, A. H. L., Chan, W. W. H., & Cheng, C. C. K. (2009)).`

In what way is new technologies beneficial as we work to mitigate climate change?

Which process or technology mitigates climate change?

Why is solar energy considered a better option in mitigating climate change?

What are the three things that are required to reduce the long term impacts of climate change?