Which of the following protocols are examples of Show
D and F. Of the remaining answers, Ethernet defines both physical and data link protocols, PPP is a data link protocol, IP is a network layer protocol, and SMTP and HTTP are application layer protocols. Which of the following protocols are examples of A and G. Of the remaining answers, IP is a network layer protocol, TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols, and SMTP and HTTP are application layer protocols. The process of HTTP asking TCP to send some data B. Adjacent-layer interaction occurs on one The process of TCP on one computer marking a B. Same-layer interaction occurs on multiple The process of a web server adding a TCP header A. Encapsulation is defined as the process of adding a header in front of data supplied by a higher layer (and possibly adding a trailer as well). Which of the following terms is used specifically to D. By convention, the term frame refers to the part of a network message that includes the data link header and trailer, with encapsulated data. The term packet omits the data link header and trailer, leaving the network layer header with its encapsulated data. The term segment omits the network layer header, leaving the transport layer header and its encapsulated data. Which OSI layer defines the functions of logical C. The network layer concerns itself with delivery of data over the complete end-to-end path. That requires a way to identify each device, using addresses, and the addresses must be logical addresses that are therefore not tied to the physical details of the network. A. The OSI physical layer includes all standards Which OSI layer defines the standards for cabling and
connectors? What are the 5 steps using the TCP/IP model in which a TCP/IP host sends data? Step 1. Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. For example, the HTTP OK message can be returned in an HTTP header, followed by part of the contents of a web page. Step 2. Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header. For end-user applications, a TCP or UDP Step 3. Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside a network layer (IP) header. IP defines the IP addresses that uniquely identify each computer. Step 4. Encapsulate the data supplied by the network layer inside a data link layer header and trailer.
Step 5. Transmit the bits. The physical layer encodes a signal onto the medium to transmit the frame. Whats the difference between a frame, packet and segment What are the OSI model layers, original TCP/IP layers and updated TCP/IP layers? What are the benefits of layered protocol specifications? *Less complex: Compared to not using a layered model, network models break the concepts into smaller parts. Protocol data unit. An OSI term to refer generically to a grouping of information by a particular layer of the OSI model. More specifically, an LxPDU would imply the data and headers as defined by Layer x. What are the speeds, standard names for ethernet, fast ethernet, gigabit ethernet, and 10 gigabit ethernet? What is the 10Base-T and 100Base-T straight through cable pinout? What is the pinout for a crossover cable? Which devices transmit on pins 1,2 and which transmits on pins 3,6? What is the structure of a mac address? Difference between half duplex and full duplex? Half duplex: The device must wait to send if Full duplex: The device does not have to wait before sending; it can send and receive at the same time. What is the frame check sequence? A field in many data link trailers used as part of the error-detection process. In the LAN for a small office, some user devices A. The IEEE defines Ethernet LAN standards, with standard names that begin with 802.3, all of which happen to use cabling. The IEEE also defines wireless LAN standards, with standard names that begin with 802.11, which are separate standards from Ethernet. Which of the following Ethernet standards defines C. The number before the word BASE defines the speed, in megabits per second (Mbps). 1000 Mbps equals 1 gigabit per second (1 Gbps). The T in the suffix implies twisted-pair or UTP cabling, so 1000BASE-T is the UTP-based Gigabit Ethernet standard name. Which of the following is true about Ethernet B. Crossover cables cross the wire at one node's transmit pin pair to the different pins used as the receive pins on the other device. For 10-and 100-Mbps
Ethernet, the specific crossover cable wiring Each answer lists two types of devices used in a B, D, and E. Routers, wireless access point Which of the following is true about the CSMA/CD B. NICs (and switch ports) use the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) algorithm to implement half-duplex logic. CSMA/CD attempts to avoid collisions, but it also notices when collisions do occur, with rules Which of the following is true about the Ethernet C. The 4-byte Ethernet FCS field, found in the Ethernet trailer, allows the receiving node to see what the sending node computed with a math formula that is a key part of the error-detection process. Note that Ethernet defines the process of Which of the following are true about the format of B, C, and E. The pre-assigned universal MAC address, given to each Ethernet port when manufactured, breaks the address into two 3-byte halves. The first half is called the organizationally unique identifier (OUI), which the IEEE assigns to the company that builds the product as a Unique hex number to be used only by that company. Which of the following terms describe Ethernet C and D. Ethernet supports unicast addresses, which identify a single Ethernet node, and group addresses, which can be used to send one frame to multiple Ethernet nodes. The two types of group In a point to point leased line, what components are typically used? If you wanted to connect two routers directly for testing, what components would you use? What are the two most popular data link layer protocols used for leased lines? High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) What is the encapsulation process for routers encapsulating and de-capsulating over HDLC from one lan to another? What is the encapsulation process for routers encapsulating and de-capsulating over EoMPLS from one lan to another? What is the typical setup for a DSL connection? What is the typical setup for a Cable connection? A serial communications circuit between two points, provided by some service provider, typically a telephone company (telco). Because the telco does not sell a physical cable between the two endpoints, instead charging a monthly fee for the ability to send bits between the two sites, the service is considered to be a leased service. High-Level Data Link Control. A bit-oriented What is Ethernet over MPLS? (EoMPLS) A term referring specifically to how a service provider can create an Ethernet WAN service using an MPLS network. More generally, a term referring to Ethernet WAN services. In the cabling for a leased line, which of the B. The four-wire circuit cable supplied by the telco connects to the device acting as the CSU/DSU. That can be
an external CSU/DSU or a CSU/DSU integrated into a router serial interface card. LAN switches do not have serial interfaces, and router Which of the following is an accurate speed at C. Leased lines can run at various preset speeds. These include multiples of 64 kbps, up through 24 times 64 kbps. The speeds can also be multiples of T1 speed (1.544 Mbps), up to 28 times that speed. Which of the following fields in the HDLC header B. The standard HDLC header does not include a Type field, which identifies the type of packet encapsulated inside the HDLC frame. Two routers, R1 and R2, connect using an Ethernet B and D. The physical installation uses a model in which each router uses a physical Ethernet link to connect to some SP device in an SP facility called a point of presence (PoP). The Ethernet link does not span from each customer device to the other. From a data-link perspective, both routers use the same Ethernet standard header and trailer used on LANs; HDLC does not matter on these Ethernet WAN links. Which of the following Internet access technologies, B and C. Leased lines transmit data at the same speed in both directions, making them a symmetric service. DSL and cable Internet offer asymmetric speeds, with a faster downstream speed.
BGP is a routing protocol and not an Internet access Fred has just added DSL service at his home, with a C. With DSL, the requirements on the phone's wiring are unchanged. The phone can connect to any working telephone jack, as if the DSL modem and router did not exist. What are the first octet ranges of class A-E networks? What are the number of networks and hosts per network for a class A, B and C network What are the valid network numbers for class A, B and C networks? Provide a summary of a router's forwarding logic Step 1. Use the data-link Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field to ensure that the frame had no errors; if errors occurred, discard the frame. What are the goals of a routing protocol? * To dynamically learn and fill the
routing table with aroute to each subnet in the internetwork. What is the basic process of a DNS name resolution request? What is the basic process of an ARP request? What command can be used to see the contents of an ARP cache? What is the basic process of a ping request? What is the default router (default gateway)? On an IP host, the IP address of some router to which the host sends packets when the packet's destination address is on a subnet other than the local subnet. A list of routes in a router, with each route What is a unicast IP address? An IP address that represents a single interface. In IPv4, these addresses come from the Class A, B, and C ranges. Which of the following are functions of OSI Layer 3 A and C. The network layer defines logical Which of the following is a valid Class C IP B. 224.1.1.1 is a Class D address What is the assignable range of values for the first D. The first octet of Class A addresses ranges from 1 to 126, inclusive; Class B, 128 to 191, inclusive; and Class C, 192 to 223 inclusive. 127 is technically in the Class A range, but it is a reserved address used as a loopback. PC1 and PC2 are on two different Ethernet LANs D and F. Without any subnetting in use, all Imagine a network with two routers that are A. PC1 will send an Ethernet frame to Router 1, with PC1's MAC address as the source address and Router 1's MAC address as the destination address. Which of the following does a router normally use C. Routers compare the packet's destination IP address to the router's IP routing table, making a match and using the forwarding instructions in the matched route to forward the IP packet. Which of the following are true about a LANconnected B and C. IPv4 hosts generally use basic two-branch logic. To send an IP packet to another host on the same IP network or subnet that is on the same LAN, the sender sends the IP packet directly to that host. Otherwise, the sender sends the packet to its default router (also called the default gateway). Which of the following are functions of a routing A and C. Routers do all the actions listed in all four answers; however, the routing protocol does the functions in the two listed answers. Independent of the routing protocol, a router learns routes for IP A company implements a TCP/IP network, with C. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) does allow PC1 to learn information, but the information is not stored on a server. The ping command does let the user at PC1 learn whether packets can flow in the List the features supported by TCP/UDP? Note that only the first item listed in the table is supported by UDP, whereas all items in the table are supported by TCP. A socket consist of what three things? * An IP
address What are the port numbers and protocols used for the following applications? What are the steps in TCP connection establishment? What is a connection-oriented protocol? What is a connectionless protocol? What is the general process of TCP windowing? What is the structure of a URI/Webpage address? What is connection establishment? The process by which a connection-oriented protocol creates a connection. With TCP, a connection is established by a three-way transmission of TCP segments. The process of discovering whether a The process of noticing when some transmitted data was not successfully received and resending the data until it is successfully received. The process of regulating the amount of data sent by a sending computer toward a receiving computer. Several flow control mechanisms exist, including TCP flow control, which uses windowing. What is forward acknowledgement? A process used by protocols that do error recovery, in which the number that acknowledges data lists the next data that should be sent, not the last data that was successfully received. What is ordered data transfer? A networking function, included in In TCP, a term used to describe a TCP header What are sliding windows? For protocols such as TCP that allow the Uniform Resource Identifier. The formal and correct term for the formatted text used to refer to objects in an IP network. This text is commonly called a URL or a web address. For example, http://www.certskills.com/blog is a URI that identifies the protocol (HTTP),
hostname Which of the following header fields identify which D and E. Many headers include a field that
Which of the following are typical functions of A, B, C, and F. IP, not TCP, defines routing. Many other protocols define encryption, but TCP does not. The correct answers simply list various TCP features. Which of the following
functions is performed by C. TCP, not UDP, performs windowing, error What do you call data that
includes the Layer 4 C and F. The terms packet and L3PDU refer to the header plus data encapsulated by Layer 3. Frame and L2PDU refer to the header (and trailer), plus the data encapsulated by Layer 2. Segment and L4PDU refer to the header and data encapsulated by the transport layer protocol. In the URI http://www.certskills.com/ICND1, B. Note that the hostname
is all the text between the // and the . The text before the / identifies the application layer protocol, and the text after the / Fred opens a web browser and connects to the C and D. Web traffic uses TCP as the transport protocol, with HTTP as the application protocol. As a result, the web server typically uses well-known TCP port 80, which is
the well-known port for What are the two ways of accessing a switch's CLI? When connecting to a switch physically via the console, what thee connection type can you use? What are the default console port settings to connect to a switch? Which commands can be used to move forward and backward between user, enable and configuration mode? What command will move you from global config mode to console line config mode? What are the common command prompt configuration modes? What are the 4 switch memory types and what is stored in them? What command is ran to save the running config? copy running-config startup-config To erase the startup config, what three options do you have for commands? write erase What command is used to reboot a switch? In what modes can you type the command show mac A and B. The command in the question is an EXEC command that happens to require only user mode access. As such, you can use this command in both user mode and enable mode. As an EXEC command, you cannot use the command (as shown in the question) in configuration mode. In which of the following modes of the CLI could B. The command referenced in the question,
the reload command, is an EXEC command that happens to require privileged mode, also known as enable mode. This command is not available in user mode. Which of the following is a difference between B. SSH provides a secure remote login option, encrypting all data flows, including password exchanges. Telnet sends all data (including passwords) as clear text. What type of switch memory is used to store the A. Switches (and routers) keep the currently used configuration in RAM, using NVRAM to store the configuration file that is loaded when the switch (or router) next loads the IOS. What command copies the configuration from RAM F. The startup-config file is in NVRAM, and the running-config file is in RAM. A switch user is currently in console line B and C. The exit command moves the user one config mode backward, toward global configuration mode, or if already in global configuration mode, it moves the user back to enable mode. From console mode, it moves the user back to global configuration mode. The end command and the Ctrl+Z key sequence both move the user back to enable mode regardless of the current configuration submode. What does the login command do? Line (console and vty) configuration mode. Tells IOS to prompt for a password (no username). How do switches make decisions to forward and filter frames, learn MAC addresses, and use STP to avoid loops? Step 1. Switches forward frames based on the destination MAC address: Out of the box, which VLAN are all ports on a Cisco switch programmed for? What command is ran to see a switch's mac address table? What command is ran to show all dynamically learned mac addresses only? show mac address-table dynamic What command can be ran to find a specific mac address in a mac address table? show
mac address-table dynamic address What command can be ran if you would like to see the mac addresses tied to a specific port? show mac address-table dynamic interface What command can be ran if you would like to find mac addresses in a mac address table tied to a specific VLAN? show mac address-table dynamic vlan (enter vlan number here) What command can be ran to clear dynamic entries from a mac address table? clear mac address-table dynamic Which of the following statements describes part of A. A switch compares the destination MAC address to the MAC address table. If a matching entry is found, the switch forwards the frame out the appropriate interface. If no matching entry is found, the switch floods the frame. Which of the following statements describes part of C. A switch floods broadcast frames, multicast frames (if no multicast optimizations are enabled), and unknown unicast destination frames (frames whose destination MAC address is not in the MAC address table). Which of the following statements best describes A. A switch floods broadcast frames, multicast frames (if no multicast optimizations are enabled), and unknown unicast destination frames (frames
Which of the following comparisons does a switch B. Switches need to learn the location of each MAC address used in the LAN relative to that local switch. When a switch receives a frame, the source MAC identifies the sender. The interface in which the frame arrives identifies the local switch A Cisco Catalyst switch
has 24 10/100 ports, C. The show interfaces status command lists one Consider the following output from a Cisco Catalyst SW1# show mac address-table dynamic Which of
the following answers are true about this D. For the correct answer, each entry lists the learned MAC address. By definition, dynamically learned MAC addresses are learned by looking at the source MAC address of received frames. (That What does the "login" command do? Tells IOS to enable the use of a simple what does the "Password (password value)" command do? Defines the actual password used on the console or vty What are the steps necessary to create a simple console and vty password? What are the steps necessary to create a username and password for the console and telnet users? Which commands need to be ran to setup SSH on a switch? Which commands can be ran to: 1. transport input all or transport input telnet What does the "show ip ssh" command do? lists status information about the SSH server itself What does the "show ssh" command do? lists information about each SSH client currently connected into the switch Which commands are needed to configure an IP address for a switch? Which commands are necessary to tell a switch to use DHCP for it's IP address? What do the "show history", "terminal history size x" and "history size x" commands do? What commands are ran to disable and enable logging messages while logged into the console? no logging console What command is ran to disable your switch from trying to resolve host names into IP addresses? Imagine that you have configured the enable secret B. If both commands are configured, IOS accepts only the password as configured in the enable secret command. An engineer wants to set up simple password A. To answer this question, it might be best to first think of the complete configuration, and then find any answers that match the configuration. The commands, in vty line configuration mode, would be password password and login. Only one answer An engineer had formerly configured a Cisco 2960 B and C. SSH requires the use of usernames in addition to a password. Using the username global command would be one way to define usernames (and matching passwords) to support SSH. The vty An engineer's desktop PC connects to a switch at A, D, and F. To allow access through Telnet, the switch must have password security enabled, at a minimum using the password vty line configuration subcommand. In addition, the switch needs an IP A Layer 2 switch configuration places all its B and C. To all SSH or Telnet access, a switch must have a correct IP configuration. That includes the configuration of a correct IP address and mask on a VLAN interface. That VLAN interface then must have a path out of the switch via ports assigned to Which of the following line subcommands tells a A. The logging synchronous line subcommand synchronizes log message display with other command output so the log message does not interrupt a show command's output. The no ip domain-lookup command is not a line subcommand. The other two incorrect answers are line subcommands but do not configure the function listed in the question. What autonegotiation fails in Cisco switches, what are the rules? Speed: Sense the speed (without using What are the steps required to enable port security? Step 1. Make the switch interface either a static access or trunk interface using the switchport mode access or the switchport mode trunk interface subcommands, respectively. What does the "show port-security interface" command do? lists the configuration settings for port security on an interface, plus it lists several important facts about the current operation of port security, including information about any security violations What command do you use to protect, restrict, or shutdown a port for port security? switchport port-security violation What are the actions taken when port security is enabled for either protect, restrict or shutdown? What does the "show mac address-table secure" command do? Lists MAC addresses associated with ports that use port security What does the command "show mac address-table static" do? Lists MAC addresses associated with ports that use port security, as well as any other statically defined Which of the following describes a way to disable F. Cisco switches do not have a command to disable autonegotiation of speed and duplex. Instead, a switch port that has both speed and duplex configured disables autonegotiation. In which of the following modes of the CLI could E. Cisco switches can be configured for speed (with the speed command) and duplex (with the duplex command) in interface configuration mode. A Cisco Catalyst switch connects with its A and D. The IEEE autonegotiation rules dictate that if a device attempts autonegotiation but the other side does not participate, use the slowest speed it supports. However, Cisco switches override that logic, instead sampling the electrical signal to detect the speed used by the connected device, so the switch will operate at 1000 Mbps. The switch uses the IEEE default setting for duplex based on the speed, and the IEEE default for duplex when using 1000 Mbps is to use full duplex. So in this case, the switch will match both the speed and the duplex setting made on the PC. Which of the following is required when B. The setting for the maximum number of MAC addresses has a default of 1, so the switchport portsecurity maximum command does not have to be configured. With sticky learning, you do not need to predefine the specific MAC addresses either. However, you must enable port security, which requires the switchport port-security interface subcommand. A switch's port Gi0/1 has been correctly enabled B and C. First, about the two incorrect answers: In restrict mode, the arrival of a frame that violates the port security policy does not cause the switch to put the interface into err-disabled state. It does cause the switch to discard any frames that violate the policy, but it leaves the interface up, and does not
discard frames that do not violate the security policy, like the second frame that arrives. In what modes can you type the command show MAC address table and expect to get a response with MAC table entries?Explanation. The command "show mac address-table" can be executed from the User or the Enable mode.
In which of the following modes of the command line interface CLI could you issue the command reload to reboot the switch?In which of the following modes of the CLI could you issue the command reload to reboot the switch? B (Enable mode) .
Which of the following is a difference between Telnet and SSH as supported by a Cisco switch?SSH encrypts the entire communication while Telnet encrypts nothing. SSH encrypts only user login passwords while Telnet encrypts nothing. SSH encrypts all the communication while Telnet encrypts only the user name and password for login. SSH and Telnet provide the same function, the only difference is the port number.
What type of switch memory is used to store the configuration used by the switch when it is up and working group of answer choices RAM ROM Flash Nvram?Explanation. The running configuration is stored in the RAM (Random Access Memory).
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In what modes can you type the command show MAC address table and expect to get a response with MAC table entries choose two answers?
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