Injections, also known as shots, deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. A healthcare professional can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone. Show Several different types of injections exist, depending on the purpose of the medication or substance in the shot. A healthcare professional can inject many medications into many parts of the body. They will decide the most appropriate route of access depending on the situation. Most injections consist of a needle and syringe. A doctor may also use a newer device, such as auto and jet injectors. This article will discuss the different injection types and what a person can expect when receiving an injection. Healthcare professionals use intravenous (IV) injections to give medications directly into a vein. Because a person directly injects the medication into the bloodstream, it allows for rapid absorption, according to 2015 research. This causes an immediate response, per a 2019 review of the literature. A medical professional can administer IV medications as a single dose or as an infusion over a period of many hours. They may use an intravenous injection to:
Common IV injection sites — areas where veins lie close to a person’s skin — include:
Doctors may use veins in the foot to administer IV injections to infants who have not started walking yet, according to 2016 practice standards of the Infusion Nurses Society. Doctors can use intramuscular injections to deliver medication into a person’s muscle tissue. The muscles have a rich blood supply, which helps the body absorb the medication quickly. Common uses for intramuscular injections may include:
People with certain conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, may need to give themselves this type of injection at home. The recommended intramuscular injection sites include:
Doctors administering intramuscular injections avoid injecting into a patient’s buttock area to prevent possible damage to the sciatic nerve, per a 2014 review. Healthcare professionals administer subcutaneous injections into the fatty tissue just below the skin and above the muscle tissue. They will use a smaller needle to give subcutaneous injections to ensure the medication enters the fatty tissue and not the muscle. Unlike muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels, according to a 2017 study. The presence of fewer blood cells allows the body to absorb the medication slowly over a period of time. Subcutaneous injections are less painful and less likely to have an adverse reaction such as an infection. Common uses for subcutaneous injections may include the administration of:
Individuals with a blood clotting disorder should receive vaccines through subcutaneous injection. Common subcutaneous injection sites include:
Intraosseous injections use a special needle to puncture the bone marrow in order to reach the veins. The bone marrow has a rich blood supply that connects straight to the circulatory system. Healthcare professionals typically reserve intraosseous injections for emergencies, when intravenous access proves difficult or impossible, according to a 2016 systematic review. Healthcare professionals use intraosseous injection as the quickest way to give fluids, drugs, and blood products to patients in many emergency situations, such as:
Common intraosseous injection sites include:
Intraosseous injection presents an effective route for emergency vein access in all age groups. Healthcare professionals give intradermal injections just below the surface of the skin, creating a small bump called a bleb or wheal. The intradermal injection route has the longest absorption time of all the different types of injections, according to a guide to clinical procedures published in 2015. Common uses of intradermal injections may include:
Healthcare professionals most commonly use body parts with little hair as intradermal injection sites. These areas typically include the inner surface of the forearm and the upper back, under the scapula. Additionally, the skin injection site should have no sores, rashes, moles, or scars. Any injection or vaccine can cause side effects. For the most part these are minor, such as a sore arm or a low grade fever. Minor side effects go away within a few days, according to the CDC. However, less common adverse effects and risks come with all types of injections. These may include:
Transmission of an infectious disease such as hepatitis C could also occur, if a person comes into contact with the blood of a person who has the virus. To help prevent injection complications, the CDC has a summary page for healthcare personnel regarding the safe use of needles, syringes, and injectable medications in patient care settings. People commonly use injected medicines in healthcare and home settings for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various illnesses. Healthcare professionals can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone. Typical injection side effects involve pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site. Side effects usually go away within a few days. When doctors use the correct technique and injection site, injection complications, particularly with vaccines, happen rarely. What is an intradermal injection used for?Intradermal injection provides a local and very little systemic effect. It is commonly used for tuberculin skin testing but can also be used for allergy testing and local anesthetics. To give an intradermal injection, a 25-gauge or smaller needle is inserted just under the epidermis at an angle of approximately 10°.
For which of the following applications is intradermal injection normally used quizlet?For which of the following applications is intradermal injection normally used? Allergy Testing ( Intradermal injections are often used to administer skin tests such as allergy and TB tests.)
What is the most commonly used site for intradermal injection?The most common anatomical sites used for intradermal injections are the inner surface of the forearm and the upper back below the scapula. The nurse should select an injection site that is free from lesions, rashes, moles, or scars that may alter the visual inspection of the test results.
What injections are given intradermal?Most vaccines are delivered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous routes using a needle and syringe; the intradermal route is only widely used for the administration of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and rabies vaccines.
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