For a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase experiment, with modifications. They decided to radioactively label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogen atoms. Thus, labeling the nitrogen atoms would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't this experiment work?
A) Radioactive nitrogen has a half-life of 100,000 years, and the material would be too dangerous for too long.
B) Amino acids (and thus proteins) also have nitrogen atoms; thus, the radioactivity would not distinguish between DNA and proteins.
C) There is no radioactive isotope of nitrogen.
D) Although there are more nitrogens in a nucleotide, labeled phosphates actually have 16 extra neutrons; therefore, they are more radioactive.
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The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?
-nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
-telomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein
-nuclease, telomerase, primase
-telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase
-DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase
In
E. coli, to repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?
-nuclease, DNA polymerase, RNA primase
-helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
-nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
-DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase
To repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?
A) exonuclease, DNA polymerase 3, RNA primase
B) helicase, DNA polymerase 1, DNA ligase
C) DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase
D) DNA polymerase 1, DNA polymerase 3, DNA ligase
E) endonuclease, DNA polymerase 1, DNA ligase
Which of the following sets of materials are required by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for replication?
A) double-stranded DNA, four kinds of dNTPs, primers, origins
B) topoisonmerases, telomerases, polymerases
C) G-C rich regions, polymerases, chromosome nicks
D) nucleosome loosening, four dNTPs, four rNTPs
E) ligase, primers, mucleases
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