What must take place before a message is likely to persuade?
According to Myers, advertisers for beverages and clothing tend to adopt marketing strategies that use the ________ route to persuasion
When an initially discounted message becomes effective, a delayed impact of the message occurs. This is called the _____ effect
Researchers have found that trustworthiness is HIGHER/LOWER if the audience believes the communicator is NOT trying to persuade them
Miller and his colleagues (1976) reported a _____ relationship between trustworthiness and the rate at which people speak
Fear arousing messages are most effective when they
Offer a protective strategy
Studies have shown that if people are aware of opposing arguments, a _____ presentation is more persuasive and enduring
When Asch (1946) presented students with a description of someone as "intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn, and envious," they rated the person _____ than if the opposite order of adjectives was presented
What illustrates media influence through a two-step flow of communication?
A man buys a new laundry detergent after having it recommended by a friend, who had read that it was both effective and environmentally safe in a consumer magazine article
Exposing people to weak attacks on their attitudes, which then stimulates thinking in support of the initial attitude is known as
According to social psychologists, a group exists when two or more people interact with and influence each other, and
Also perceive themselves as "us"
Consistent with the social facilitation effect, Michaels and his colleagues (1982) found that when good pool players were observed they did _____ than when they didn't know they were being observed
The concern for how others are evaluating us is called
Ingham (1974) found that when blindfolded participants thought they were pulling a tug of war with other participants, they ______ than when they thought they were pulling along
Sam has a tendency to contribute little effort to group assignments, as he thinks others will be sure to pick up the slack in an effort to get a good grade. This is an example of:
The best way to improve individual performance by a group is to
Evaluate each person individually
People in groups will loaf less when the
Task is challenging, appealing, or involving
According to your text, people in _____ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in ______ cultures
Collectivistic; individualistic
The correlation between group size and the probability of deindividuation occurring is
Zimbardo reported that the anonymity of Internet chat rooms, newsgroups, and list serves seems to foster more hostile behavior than is observed in face to face interactions. This is an example of how ________ contribute(s) to deindividuation
Based on research cited in the text, who is most likely to honk aggressively at someone stopped at a green light
The driver of a convertible with the top up
A looting mob is a good example of
Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of:
Consistent with what is known about group polarization, Schkade and Sunstein (2003) found that on federal appellate court cases, a Republican judge sitting with 2 other Republican judges voted ________ than when sitting with one Democratic judge
What are three explanations for group polarization?
- Informational influence
- Normative influence
- Desire to be accepted
Maggie favors the death penalty. In discussing this issue with some like-minded classmates, she hears arguments for this position that she has never considered before. After the discussion, her opinion is more extreme. This outcome is best explained by:
Informational influence processes
What are three things needed for group think?
- Group cohesiveness
- Isolation of the group from dissenting views
- A directive leader who signals what they favor
Research on brainstorming reveals that people working ______ will generate ______ good ideas
Research on leadership indicates that
Effective supervisors tend to score high on both task and social leadership
People who benefit from the group but give little in return are called:
Sally has a crush on Billy but is afraid to ask him out because she does not think he is interested in her. Billy has a crush on Sally but hasn't asked for her phone number because he thinks she'll say "no." This is a case of:
A person who is able to motivate others to identify with and commit themselves to the group's mission would best be described as a:
Which class are you MOST likely to enjoy
A class of 40 people in a room that holds 45
According to research on deindividuation and self-awareness, what should people who want to lose weight put on their refrigerator?
Realistic Group Conflict Theory
When groups compete for scarce resources