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d. Identifying the problem
In this situation, the nurse is identifying the problem. During this first step, the nurse devises research questions and a hypothesis.. While analysing the data, the nurse interprets results, including conclusions and limitations. While designing a study protocol, the nurse selects instrumentation, questionnaires, physiological measures, interviews, and treatments. While conducting the study, the nurse obtains the necessary approvals and continually assesses the study methodology.
p. 60-61
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2. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response.
4. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty.
5. These theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring)
rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.
Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is an example of a middle-range theory; it focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations. Middle-range theories are more limited in scope and less abstract than grand theories. Middle-range theories address a specific phenomenon and reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching.