Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
- Explain how the scientific method is used to develop new knowledge
- Describe why it is important to follow a research plan
The Scientific Method consists of observing the world around you and creating a hypothesis about relationships in the world. A hypothesis is an informed and educated prediction or explanation about something. Part of the research process involves testing the hypothesis, and then examining the results of these tests as they relate to both the hypothesis and the world around you. When a researcher forms a hypothesis, this acts like a map through the research study. It tells the researcher which factors are important to study and how they might be related to each other or caused by a manipulation that the researcher introduces (e.g. a program, treatment or change in the environment). With this map, the researcher can interpret the information he/she collects and can make sound conclusions about the results.
Research can be done with human beings, animals, plants, other organisms and inorganic matter. When research is done with human beings and animals, it must follow specific rules about the treatment of humans and animals that have been created by the U.S. Federal Government. This ensures that humans and animals are treated with dignity and respect, and that the research causes minimal harm.
No matter what topic is being studied, the value of the research depends on how well it is designed and done. Therefore, one of the most important considerations in doing good research is to follow the design or plan that is developed by an experienced researcher who is called the Principal Investigator (PI). The PI is in charge of all aspects of the research and creates what is called a protocol (the research plan) that all people doing the research must follow. By doing so, the PI and the public can be sure that the results of the research are real and useful to other scientists.
Module 1: Discussion Questions
- How is a hypothesis like a road map?
- Who is ultimately responsible for the design and conduct of a research study?
- How does following the research protocol contribute to informing public health practices?
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Meaning and characteristics of research1.1. MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH Jeff L. Homeres Instructor2.2.Topics: Meaning of Research Characteristics of Research Qualities of a Good ResearcherCharacteristics of the Researcher Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research Values ofResearch to Man Types of Research Classification of Research The Variable Types of VariableComponents of the Research Process3.3.Research • It is the systematic study of trend or event which involves careful collection,presentation, analysis and interpretation of quantitative data or facts that relates man’s thinkingwith reality.4.4.Topics: Characteristics of Research Qualities of a Good Researcher Characteristics of theResearcher Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research Values of Research to ManTypes of Research Classification of Research The Variable Types of Variable Components of theResearch Process5.5.Characteristics of Research 1. Empirical – research is based on direct experience orobservation by the researcher. 2. Logical – research is based on valid procedures and principles.3. Cyclical – research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.6.6.Characteristics of Research 4. Analytical – research utilizes proven analytical procedures ingathering data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study. 5. Critical –research exhibits careful and precise judgment.7.7.Characteristics of Research 6. Methodical – research is conducted in a methodical mannerwithout bias using systematic method and procedures. 7. Replicability – research design andprocedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.8.8.Topics: Qualities of a Good Researcher Characteristics of the Researcher Man’s Major Needsand Problems Demand Research Values of Research to Man Types of Research Classification ofResearch The Variable Types of Variable Components of the Research Process9.9.Qualities of a Good Researcher Research Oriented Efficient Scientific Effective ActiveResourceful Creative Honest Economical Religious10.10.
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researcher, Characteristics of Research, Research Characteristics of Research Qualities, Research The Variable